Abstract
The main cause of food insecurity in the semi–arid parts of Eastern Kenya is decline in soil fertility, unsuitable cropping systems, low and unreliable rainfall. This has led to low food productivity. An experiment was carried out in semi-arid parts of Eastern Kenya during short rains 2014 and long rains 2015 to determine the effect of tied ridges, fertilizers and cropping systems on growth parameters, yields and yield components of maize. The experiment was a 2 x 4 x 2 factorial laid in a randomized complete block design. The results showed that, interaction between tied-ridges x fertilizers x cropping systems had a significant effect (P<0.05) on plant height, number of leaves/plant, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area. Treatment combinations with maize mono crop resulted to increased vegetative growth compared to treatment combinations of maize cow pea intercrop. During the short rains 2014, treatment combinations of flat bed planting, farm yard manure 5t/ha + 20kgN/ha in maize mono crop recorded the highest value for vegetative growth. However, during the long rains 2015, treatment combinations of tied-ridging with 20kgN/ha in maize mono crop had increased vegetative growth. The interaction between tied ridging x fertilizers x cropping system was significant (P < 0.05) on ears weight, biomass and grain yields. The highest value for grain yield was registered by tied ridging with farm yard manure 5t/ha in maize mono crop and tied ridging plus 20kgN/ha in maize mono crop (0.15t/ha); an increase of 650% above the control treatment. Variations in seasonal rainfall affects the effectiveness of soil and water management practices. From this study, farmers in semi-arid regions of Eastern Kenya could adopt farm yard manure 5t/ha or 20kgN/ha with maize mono crop under tied ridging in order to improve maize yields in seasons when the rain fall amount is below average.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The three-way treatment interaction significantly affected maize height, leaf number, length, width and area.
- Treatment
- tied-ridges x fertilizers x cropping systemse0
- Outcome
- plant height, number of leaves/plant, leaf length, leaf width and leaf areae0
- Value
- P<0.05e0
Zea maysNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“interaction between tied-ridges x fertilizers x cropping systems had a significant effect (P<0.05) on plant height, number of leaves/plant, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize monocrop combinations increased vegetative growth relative to maize cow pea intercrop combinations.
- Treatment
- maize mono crope0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- maize cow pea intercrope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment combinations with maize mono crop resulted to increased vegetative growth compared to treatment combinations of maize cow pea intercrop.”
Claim · model-written summary
Flat beds with farm yard manure and nitrogen in maize monocrop gave the highest vegetative growth in short rains 2014.
- Treatment
- flat bed planting, farm yard manure 5t/ha + 20kgN/ha in maize mono crope0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- short rains 2014e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the short rains 2014, treatment combinations of flat bed planting, farm yard manure 5t/ha + 20kgN/ha in maize mono crop recorded the highest value for vegetative growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tied ridging with nitrogen in maize monocrop increased vegetative growth in long rains 2015.
- Treatment
- tied-ridging with 20kgN/ha in maize mono crope0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- long rains 2015e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“during the long rains 2015, treatment combinations of tied-ridging with 20kgN/ha in maize mono crop had increased vegetative growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-way interaction significantly affected ear weight, biomass and grain yield.
- Treatment
- tied ridging x fertilizers x cropping systeme0
- Outcome
- ears weight, biomass and grain yieldse0
- Value
- P < 0.05e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction between tied ridging x fertilizers x cropping system was significant (P < 0.05) on ears weight, biomass and grain yields.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Tied ridging with farm yard manure in maize monocrop achieved the highest grain yield.
- Treatment
- tied ridging with farm yard manure 5t/ha in maize mono crope0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.15t/hae0
- Qualifier
- 650% above the control treatmente0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest value for grain yield was registered by tied ridging with farm yard manure 5t/ha in maize mono crop and tied ridging plus 20kgN/ha in maize mono crop (0.15t/ha); an increase of 650% above the control treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tied ridging with nitrogen in maize monocrop achieved the highest grain yield.
- Treatment
- tied ridging plus 20kgN/ha in maize mono crope0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.15t/hae0
- Qualifier
- 650% above the control treatmente0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest value for grain yield was registered by tied ridging with farm yard manure 5t/ha in maize mono crop and tied ridging plus 20kgN/ha in maize mono crop (0.15t/ha); an increase of 650% above the control treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seasonal rainfall variation affected the effectiveness of soil and water management practices.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Variations in seasonal rainfall affects the effectiveness of soil and water management practices.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend tied ridging with farm yard manure or nitrogen in maize monocrop for below average rainfall seasons.
- Outcome
- adopt farm yard manure 5t/ha or 20kgN/ha with maize mono crop under tied ridginge0
- Qualifier
- rain fall amount is below averagee0
- Setting
- Eastern Kenyae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“farmers in semi-arid regions of Eastern Kenya could adopt farm yard manure 5t/ha or 20kgN/ha with maize mono crop under tied ridging in order to improve maize yields in seasons when the rain fall amount is below average.”
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