Abstract
Abstract Maize ( Zea mays L.) in the early season in no‐till (NT), compared with conventional tillage (CT), has reduced dry matter due to cooler temperatures near the seed, in spite of increased plant P absorption caused by more effective mycorrhizae in the less‐disturbed soil. We grew maize under NT and CT in a soil with 1.6 mg kg −1 NaHCO 3 ‐extractable P, adding 0, 25, 50, or 100 kg P ha −1 . A rotary cultivator (ROTO) soil‐disturbance treatment gave plots more severe disturbance than CT, and a no‐till hand‐plant (NTHP) treatment gave plots with minimal soil disturbance. Early season P uptake and mycorrhizal colonization were stimulated in the NT and NTHP treatments. The reverse was true for shoot dry mass. Early season responses to tillage treatments were the same at each of the fertilizer rates. Yields increased with increasing fertilization. At all rates of P, yields with the CT and ROTO treatments were similar to each other, as were yields with the NT and NTHP treatments. At low soil‐P fertility, NT and CT gave similar yields. However, at and above 50 kg P ha −1 , yields in CT exceeded those in NT by 1000 kg ha −1 . We expect that under P‐limiting conditions, NT could give increases in yield over CT, or similar yields could be achieved in NT and CT but at lower soil‐P availability in NT, but only if the early season growth depression in NT can be overcome.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Early-season no-till maize had reduced dry matter compared with conventional tillage, due to cooler temperatures near the seed.
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- due to cooler temperatures near the seede0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize ( Zea mays L.) in the early season in no‐till (NT), compared with conventional tillage (CT), has reduced dry matter due to cooler temperatures near the seed, in spite of increased plant P absorption caused by more effective mycorrhizae in the less‐disturbed soil”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till and no-till hand-planting stimulated early-season P uptake and mycorrhizal colonization in maize.
- Treatment
- NT and NTHP treatmentse1
- Interactor
- mycorrhizaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- P uptake and mycorrhizal colonizatione1
- Direction
- stimulatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize ( Zea mays L.) in the early season in no‐till (NT), compared with conventional tillage (CT), has reduced dry matter due to cooler temperatures near the seed, in spite of increased plant P absorption caused by more effective mycorrhizae in the less‐disturbed soil”
e1“Early season P uptake and mycorrhizal colonization were stimulated in the NT and NTHP treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot dry mass was reduced in the no-till and no-till hand-planting treatments compared with conventional tillage.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize ( Zea mays L.) in the early season in no‐till (NT), compared with conventional tillage (CT), has reduced dry matter due to cooler temperatures near the seed, in spite of increased plant P absorption caused by more effective mycorrhizae in the less‐disturbed soil”
e1“Early season P uptake and mycorrhizal colonization were stimulated in the NT and NTHP treatments”
e2“The reverse was true for shoot dry mass”
Claim · model-written summary
At all P rates, maize yields under conventional tillage and rotary cultivator were similar.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize ( Zea mays L.) in the early season in no‐till (NT), compared with conventional tillage (CT), has reduced dry matter due to cooler temperatures near the seed, in spite of increased plant P absorption caused by more effective mycorrhizae in the less‐disturbed soil”
e3“At all rates of P, yields with the CT and ROTO treatments were similar to each other, as were yields with the NT and NTHP treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
At all P rates, maize yields under no-till hand-planting and no-till were similar.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize ( Zea mays L.) in the early season in no‐till (NT), compared with conventional tillage (CT), has reduced dry matter due to cooler temperatures near the seed, in spite of increased plant P absorption caused by more effective mycorrhizae in the less‐disturbed soil”
e3“At all rates of P, yields with the CT and ROTO treatments were similar to each other, as were yields with the NT and NTHP treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yields increased with increasing fertilization.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize ( Zea mays L.) in the early season in no‐till (NT), compared with conventional tillage (CT), has reduced dry matter due to cooler temperatures near the seed, in spite of increased plant P absorption caused by more effective mycorrhizae in the less‐disturbed soil”
e4“Yields increased with increasing fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
At low soil P fertility, no-till and conventional tillage gave similar maize yields.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize ( Zea mays L.) in the early season in no‐till (NT), compared with conventional tillage (CT), has reduced dry matter due to cooler temperatures near the seed, in spite of increased plant P absorption caused by more effective mycorrhizae in the less‐disturbed soil”
e5“At low soil‐P fertility, NT and CT gave similar yields”
Claim · model-written summary
At and above 50 kg P ha −1, maize yields under conventional tillage exceeded those under no-till by 1000 kg ha −1.
- Treatment
- at and above 50 kg P ha −1e6
- Outcome
- yieldse6
- Direction
- exceedede6
- Value
- 1000 kg ha −1e6
- Comparator
- NTe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize ( Zea mays L.) in the early season in no‐till (NT), compared with conventional tillage (CT), has reduced dry matter due to cooler temperatures near the seed, in spite of increased plant P absorption caused by more effective mycorrhizae in the less‐disturbed soil”
e6“However, at and above 50 kg P ha −1 , yields in CT exceeded those in NT by 1000 kg ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased plant P absorption under no-till was attributed to more effective mycorrhizae in the less-disturbed soil.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize ( Zea mays L.) in the early season in no‐till (NT), compared with conventional tillage (CT), has reduced dry matter due to cooler temperatures near the seed, in spite of increased plant P absorption caused by more effective mycorrhizae in the less‐disturbed soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-season responses to tillage treatments were the same at each fertilizer rate in maize.
- Treatment
- tillage treatmentse7
- Outcome
- Early season responsese7
- Direction
- the samee7
- Qualifier
- at each of the fertilizer ratese7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize ( Zea mays L.) in the early season in no‐till (NT), compared with conventional tillage (CT), has reduced dry matter due to cooler temperatures near the seed, in spite of increased plant P absorption caused by more effective mycorrhizae in the less‐disturbed soil”
e7“Early season responses to tillage treatments were the same at each of the fertilizer rates”
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