Abstract
Background: Stripe and leaf rust are major constraints of wheat production with substantial impacts on grain yield. Population dynamics of both pathogens and the emergence of new virulent races have resulted in relentless efforts related to wheat breeding to improve resistance during the last decades. Methods: To evaluate the breeding progress achieved with respect to race-specific resistance, a set of nine isolates of the two rust pathogens have been tested in seedling assays on a panel of 191 elite winter wheat cultivars representing wheat breeding in Europe between 1966 and 2013. Results: Significant differences in the resistance of wheat cultivars concerning both pathogens have been detected by means of two-way ANOVA. Isolates as well as genotype × isolate interaction had a significant effect for both pathogens. Breeding progress, resulting in an increased seedling resistance, has been achieved against all nine isolates over the past five decades. The slope of progress was steeper for leaf rust than for stripe rust isolates. Progress against the highly common leaf rust isolate “4171” and” the stripe rust isolate “Warrior(-)” was strongest. Conclusions: The study reveals that a steady increase in seedling resistance was achieved during the past five decades. An additive contribution of these isolate specific R genes after breakdown has been hypothesised.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat cultivars differed significantly in resistance to both rust pathogens.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant differences in the resistance of wheat cultivars concerning both pathogens have been detected by means of two-way ANOVA”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolates significantly affected resistance to both rust pathogens.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- significant effect for both pathogense0
Not reportedInteractorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isolates as well as genotype × isolate interaction had a significant effect for both pathogens”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype by isolate interaction significantly affected resistance to both pathogens.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- genotypee0
- Outcome
- significant effect for both pathogense0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genotype × isolate interaction had a significant effect for both pathogens”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling resistance increased against all nine isolates over five decades.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- seedling resistancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- nine isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased seedling resistance, has been achieved against all nine isolates over the past five decades”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance progress was steeper for leaf rust than stripe rust isolates.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- slope of progresse0
- Direction
- steepere0
- Comparator
- stripe rust isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“slope of progress was steeper for leaf rust than for stripe rust isolates”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance progress was strongest against leaf rust isolate 4171.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Progresse0
- Direction
- strongeste0
- Qualifier
- leaf rust isolate “4171”e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Progress against the highly common leaf rust isolate “4171” and” the stripe rust isolate “Warrior(-)” was strongest”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance progress was strongest against stripe rust isolate Warrior(-).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Progresse0
- Direction
- strongeste0
- Qualifier
- stripe rust isolate “Warrior(-)”e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Progress against the highly common leaf rust isolate “4171” and” the stripe rust isolate “Warrior(-)” was strongest”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors hypothesised additive contributions from isolate-specific resistance genes after breakdown.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- isolate specific R genese0
- Outcome
- An additive contributione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An additive contribution of these isolate specific R genes after breakdown has been hypothesised”
t0“wheat”