Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell, one of the problem weeds in some rice‐producing countries, was studied to determine its allelopathic potential based on the effects of aqueous extracts of its tissues (leaves, roots and stem) on seedling growth of selected weeds and rice. The major phenolic compound of its leaves was also isolated and characterized. RESULTS L. hyssopifolia aqueous leaf extract showed significant inhibition of shoot growth and biomass accumulation of weeds ( Amaranthus spinosus L., Dactyloctenium aegyptium L., Cyperus iria L.) while maintaining less adverse effects on rice (crop) compared to other aqueous extracts of roots and stem. Phytochemical screening showed that phenols, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and coumarins are found in its leaf aqueous extract. The Folin–Ciocalteu method revealed that its leaves contain 26.66 ± 0.30 mg GAE g −1 leaf. The extract was then acid‐hydrolyzed to liberate the phenolics (25 mg phenolics g −1 leaf). The major compound was isolated via preparative thin‐layer chromatography using formic acid–ethyl acetate– n ‐hexane (0.05:4:6) solvent system. It had maximum UV absorption at 272 nm while its Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed phenol, carboxylic acid and ether functionalities. This also had similar chromatographic mobility when run together with syringic acid in two‐dimensional paper chromatography and thin‐layer chromatography. CONCLUSIONS L. hyssopifolia has potential allelopathic activity and its leaf aqueous extract showed the highest phytotoxic activity ( P ≤ 0.05) indicating its potential as a bioherbicide. The most probable identity of the major phenolic compound is syringic acid. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Ludwigia leaf extract significantly inhibited shoot growth and biomass of Amaranthus spinosus.
- Taxon
- L. hyssopifolia
Ludwigia hyssopifoliae0 - Treatment
- aqueous leaf extracte0
- Interactor
- Amaranthus spinosus L.
Amaranthus spinosuse0weed - Outcome
- shoot growth and biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“L. hyssopifolia aqueous leaf extract showed significant inhibition of shoot growth and biomass accumulation of weeds ( Amaranthus spinosus L., Dactyloctenium aegyptium L., Cyperus iria L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ludwigia leaf extract significantly inhibited shoot growth and biomass of Dactyloctenium aegyptium.
- Taxon
- L. hyssopifoliaLudwigia hyssopifoliae0
- Treatment
- aqueous leaf extracte0
- Interactor
- Dactyloctenium aegyptium L.
Dactyloctenium aegyptiume0weed - Outcome
- shoot growth and biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“L. hyssopifolia aqueous leaf extract showed significant inhibition of shoot growth and biomass accumulation of weeds ( Amaranthus spinosus L., Dactyloctenium aegyptium L., Cyperus iria L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ludwigia leaf extract significantly inhibited shoot growth and biomass of Cyperus iria.
- Taxon
- L. hyssopifoliaLudwigia hyssopifoliae0
- Treatment
- aqueous leaf extracte0
- Interactor
- Cyperus iria L.
.jpg?width=60)
Cyperus iriae0weed - Outcome
- shoot growth and biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“L. hyssopifolia aqueous leaf extract showed significant inhibition of shoot growth and biomass accumulation of weeds ( Amaranthus spinosus L., Dactyloctenium aegyptium L., Cyperus iria L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf extract had less adverse effects on rice than root and stem extracts.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- aqueous extractse0
- Outcome
- adverse effects on ricee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- roots and steme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while maintaining less adverse effects on rice (crop) compared to other aqueous extracts of roots and stem”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenols, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and coumarins were found in Ludwigia leaf extract.
- Taxon
- Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) ExellLudwigia hyssopifoliat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- phenols, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and coumarinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell”
e0“phenols, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and coumarins are found in its leaf aqueous extract”
Claim · model-written summary
Ludwigia leaves contained 26.66 ± 0.30 mg GAE g −1 leaf.
- Taxon
- Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) ExellLudwigia hyssopifoliat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- leaves containe0
- Value
- 26.66 ± 0.30 mg GAE g −1 leafe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell”
e0“its leaves contain 26.66 ± 0.30 mg GAE g −1 leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid hydrolysis liberated 25 mg phenolics g −1 leaf.
- Taxon
- Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) ExellLudwigia hyssopifoliat0
- Outcome
- phenolicse0
- Value
- 25 mg phenolics g −1 leafe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell”
e0“acid‐hydrolyzed to liberate the phenolics (25 mg phenolics g −1 leaf)”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolated major compound had maximum UV absorption at 272 nm.
- Taxon
- Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) ExellLudwigia hyssopifoliat0
- Outcome
- UV absorptione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 272 nme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell”
e0“It had maximum UV absorption at 272 nm”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolated compound showed phenol, carboxylic acid and ether functionalities.
- Taxon
- Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) ExellLudwigia hyssopifoliat0
- Outcome
- phenol, carboxylic acid and ether functionalitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell”
e0“its Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed phenol, carboxylic acid and ether functionalities”
Claim · model-written summary
The major compound had chromatographic mobility similar to syringic acid.
- Taxon
- Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) ExellLudwigia hyssopifoliat0
- Outcome
- chromatographic mobilitye0
- Comparator
- syringic acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell”
e0“similar chromatographic mobility when run together with syringic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify syringic acid as the most probable major phenolic compound.
- Taxon
- Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) ExellLudwigia hyssopifoliat0
- Outcome
- major phenolic compound is syringic acide0
- Qualifier
- most probablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell”
e0“The most probable identity of the major phenolic compound is syringic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose Ludwigia leaf extract as a bioherbicide.
- Taxon
- Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) ExellLudwigia hyssopifoliat0
- Outcome
- potential as a bioherbicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its leaf aqueous extract showed the highest phytotoxic activity ( P ≤ 0.05) indicating its potential as a bioherbicide”
t0“Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · organism · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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