Abstract
Brazil has two growing seasons for maize ( Zea mays L.) production: summer and winter. The additional maize produced in the winter and the high‐yielding opportunities in the summer season make it important to understand responses of maize hybrids to row spacing and plant population across the two annual Brazilian growing seasons. In the 2015 to 2016 summer season and the 2016 winter season, maize response to plant population, ranging from 60,000 to 90,000 plants ha −1 , was evaluated for three hybrids in 0.45‐, 0.60‐, 0.75‐, and 0.90‐m row spacing. Plant architecture traits, grain yield and yield components did not differ with row spacing, and their responses to plant population were not affected by hybrid type and/or row spacing. The DKB390PRO2 hybrid (single cross) demonstrated better grain yield performance in the summer, whereas the BG7049YH hybrid (three‐way cross) had the highest yield in the winter. Plant and ear height increased linearly in response to plant population in the summer season, whereas other plant architecture traits, ear leaf chlorophyll concentration, and grain yield components decreased linearly with increasing plant populations in both seasons. There was a quadratic response in maize grain yield to plant population, and it was maximized with 78,688 plants ha −1 in the summer, and 71,206 plants ha −1 in the winter. Our results show preliminary evidence that regardless of row spacing, maize grain yield can be maximized with DKB390 hybrid (single cross) with 78,500 plants ha −1 in the summer, and BG7049YH hybrid (three‐way) with 71,000 plants ha −1 in the winter season. Core Ideas Regardless of summer or winter seasons, hybrid performance was not affected by row spacing. Maize hybrids exhibited similar yield responses to row spacing and plant population. Most of the yield components and plant architecture traits decreased linearly with increasing plant population. The maximum grain yield occurring at lower plant population (71,000 plants ha −1 ) in the winter than in the summer season (78,500 plants ha −1 ).
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Plant architecture traits, grain yield and yield components of maize did not differ with row spacing.
- Treatment
- row spacinge1
- Outcome
- Plant architecture traits, grain yield and yield componentse1
- Direction
- did not differe1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Brazil has two growing seasons for maize ( Zea mays L.) production: summer and winter”
e1“Plant architecture traits, grain yield and yield components did not differ with row spacing”
Claim · model-written summary
Responses of maize to plant population were not affected by hybrid type or row spacing.
- Treatment
- plant populatione2
- Outcome
- responses to plant populatione2
- Direction
- not affectede2
- Qualifier
- by hybrid type and/or row spacinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Brazil has two growing seasons for maize ( Zea mays L.) production: summer and winter”
e2“their responses to plant population were not affected by hybrid type and/or row spacing”
Claim · model-written summary
The DKB390PRO2 hybrid (single cross) had better grain yield performance in summer.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Brazil has two growing seasons for maize ( Zea mays L.) production: summer and winter”
e3“The DKB390PRO2 hybrid (single cross) demonstrated better grain yield performance in the summer”
Claim · model-written summary
The BG7049YH hybrid (three-way cross) had the highest grain yield in winter.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Brazil has two growing seasons for maize ( Zea mays L.) production: summer and winter”
e4“the BG7049YH hybrid (three‐way cross) had the highest yield in the winter”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant and ear height of maize increased linearly with plant population in the summer season.
- Treatment
- plant populatione5
- Outcome
- Plant and ear heighte5
- Direction
- increased linearlye5
- Setting
- summer seasone5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Brazil has two growing seasons for maize ( Zea mays L.) production: summer and winter”
e5“Plant and ear height increased linearly in response to plant population in the summer season”
Claim · model-written summary
Other plant architecture traits, ear leaf chlorophyll concentration and grain yield components of maize decreased linearly with increasing plant population in both seasons.
- Treatment
- increasing plant populationse6
- Outcome
- other plant architecture traits, ear leaf chlorophyll concentration, and grain yield componentse6
- Direction
- decreased linearlye6
- Setting
- both seasonse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Brazil has two growing seasons for maize ( Zea mays L.) production: summer and winter”
e6“other plant architecture traits, ear leaf chlorophyll concentration, and grain yield components decreased linearly with increasing plant populations in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain yield was maximized at 78,688 plants ha -1 in the summer season under a quadratic response to plant population.
- Treatment
- plant populatione7
- Outcome
- grain yielde7
- Direction
- maximizede7
- Value
- 78,688 plants ha −1e7
- Qualifier
- quadratic responsee7
- Setting
- summere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Brazil has two growing seasons for maize ( Zea mays L.) production: summer and winter”
e7“There was a quadratic response in maize grain yield to plant population, and it was maximized with 78,688 plants ha −1 in the summer”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain yield was maximized at 71,206 plants ha -1 in the winter season under a quadratic response to plant population.
- Treatment
- plant populatione7
- Outcome
- grain yielde7
- Direction
- maximizede7
- Value
- 71,206 plants ha −1e6
- Qualifier
- quadratic responsee7
- Setting
- wintere6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Brazil has two growing seasons for maize ( Zea mays L.) production: summer and winter”
e7“There was a quadratic response in maize grain yield to plant population, and it was maximized with 78,688 plants ha −1 in the summer”
e6“71,206 plants ha −1 in the winter”
The same questions in other papers
density · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
518 papers in the same direction as this paper · 132 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
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