Abstract
Greenhouse and field experiments were performed to investigate diclofop rate and mowing height interactions on goosegrass control and ‘Tifgreen’ and ‘Tifdwarf’ bermudagrass tolerance. In greenhouse experiments, greatest goosegrass control was achieved with diclofop when plants were maintained at 1.3 cm. Increased diclofop rates were required to suppress goosegrass mowed higher than 1.3 cm or unmowed. Greater than 90% goosegrass control was achieved with the combination of 1.3-cm mowing height and 0.6 kg ai ha –1 of diclofop. In field experiments, a minimum of 2 weeks was necessary for complete herbicidal activity. Diclofop at 1.1 kg ha –1 provided >90% control of goosegrass mowed between 1.9 to 2.5 cm. The addition of nonionic surfactant (0.25% by vol) to diclofop did not influence control. The addition of metribuzin (0.1 kg ai ha –1 ) to diclofop resulted in initial increased control, but it was transient The addition of MSMA (2.2 kg ai ha –1 ) to diclofop reduced goosegrass control an average of 18% compared to diclofop treatments alone. Tifdwarf bermudagrass was more sensitive to diclofop compared to Tifgreen. Seven to 14 days were required for Tifdwarf to recover from initial injury. This injury, although significant, was acceptable for bermudagrass used for golf greens. Clipping weights following treatment were also less for Tifdwarf than Tifgreen.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Greatest goosegrass control in bermudagrass turf was achieved with diclofop when plants were kept at 1.3 cm in greenhouse experiments.
- Taxon
- Bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylont0 - Treatment
- diclofop when plants were maintained at 1.3 cme1
- Interactor
- goosegrasst0weed
- Outcome
- goosegrass controle1
- Direction
- greateste1
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass”
e1“In greenhouse experiments, greatest goosegrass control was achieved with diclofop when plants were maintained at 1.3 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher diclofop rates were required to suppress goosegrass in plots mowed above 1.3 cm or left unmowed.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- mowed higher than 1.3 cm or unmowede2
- Outcome
- suppress goosegrasse2
- Direction
- Increasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass”
e2“Increased diclofop rates were required to suppress goosegrass mowed higher than 1.3 cm or unmowed”
Claim · model-written summary
Above 90% goosegrass control was achieved with 1.3-cm mowing height and 0.6 kg ai ha –1 of diclofop.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- combination of 1.3-cm mowing height and 0.6 kg ai ha –1 of diclofope3
- Outcome
- goosegrass controle3
- Direction
- Greatere3
- Value
- 90%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass”
e3“Greater than 90% goosegrass control was achieved with the combination of 1.3-cm mowing height and 0.6 kg ai ha –1 of diclofop”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete herbicidal activity of diclofop in field experiments needed at least 2 weeks.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Outcome
- complete herbicidal activitye4
- Value
- a minimum of 2 weekse4
- Setting
- field experimentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass”
e4“In field experiments, a minimum of 2 weeks was necessary for complete herbicidal activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Diclofop at 1.1 kg ha –1 gave above 90% control of goosegrass mowed between 1.9 and 2.5 cm.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Diclofop at 1.1 kg ha –1e5
- Outcome
- control of goosegrasse5
- Value
- >90%e5
- Qualifier
- mowed between 1.9 to 2.5 cme5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass”
e5“Diclofop at 1.1 kg ha –1 provided >90% control of goosegrass mowed between 1.9 to 2.5 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding nonionic surfactant to diclofop did not change goosegrass control.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- addition of nonionic surfactant (0.25% by vol) to diclofope6
- Outcome
- controle6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass”
e6“The addition of nonionic surfactant (0.25% by vol) to diclofop did not influence control”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding metribuzin to diclofop initially increased control, but the effect was transient.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- metribuzine7
- Outcome
- controle7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Qualifier
- but it was transiente7
- Comparator
- diclofope7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass”
e7“The addition of metribuzin (0.1 kg ai ha –1 ) to diclofop resulted in initial increased control, but it was transient”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding MSMA to diclofop reduced goosegrass control by an average of 18% compared with diclofop alone.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- addition of MSMAe1
- Outcome
- goosegrass controle1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 18%e1
- Comparator
- diclofop treatments alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass”
e1“The addition of MSMA (2.2 kg ai ha –1 ) to diclofop reduced goosegrass control an average of 18% compared to diclofop treatments alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Tifdwarf bermudagrass was more sensitive to diclofop than Tifgreen.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Material
- Tifdwarfe1
- Treatment
- diclofope1
- Outcome
- sensitivee1
- Direction
- moree1
- Comparator
- Tifgreene1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Tifdwarf bermudagrass was more sensitive to diclofop compared to Tifgreen”
Claim · model-written summary
Tifdwarf bermudagrass needed 7 to 14 days to recover from initial diclofop injury.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Material
- Tifdwarfe1
- Outcome
- recover from initial injurye1
- Value
- Seven to 14 dayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass”
e1“Seven to 14 days were required for Tifdwarf to recover from initial injury”
Claim · model-written summary
The injury caused by diclofop was acceptable for bermudagrass used for golf greens.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Outcome
- injurye1
- Qualifier
- acceptable for bermudagrass used for golf greense1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This injury, although significant, was acceptable for bermudagrass used for golf greens”
Claim · model-written summary
Clipping weights were lower for Tifdwarf than for Tifgreen bermudagrass after treatment.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Material
- Tifdwarfe1
- Treatment
- following treatmente1
- Outcome
- Clipping weightse1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Comparator
- Tifgreene1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass”
e1“Clipping weights following treatment were also less for Tifdwarf than Tifgreen”
The same questions in other papers
diclofop · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
nonionic surfactant · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- no effect
metribuzin · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
pruning · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.