Abstract
Abstract Excessive thatch accumulation is a serious problem in golf course putting greens and other intensively managed turfgrass areas. More effective procedues for thatch control are needed. The relationship between different cultural practices and thatch accumulation was studied on Dothan sand loam (fine‐loamy, siliceous, thermic Plinthic Paleudult) in an experimental putting green planted to three bermndagrasses [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐ Davy] cultivars Tifdwarf, Tifgreen, and a selection called Dothan. Practices evaluated included N source, core aerification, vertical mowing, and sand topdressing. A multiple split plot experimental design allowed the evaluation of each individual practice in combination with all others. Effects of treatments on thatch were determined by measuring thatch depth and the compressibility of the turf surface with a thatch compression meter. Thatch accumulation, after three seasons, increased in the order: Tifgreen, Dothan, Tifdwarf. However, the effects of treatments on thatch accumulation were similar for all cultivars. Four topdressings per year reduced thatch accumulation more than a single topdressing and increased mat depth. Neither monthly aerification nor biweekly vertical mowing provided more thatch control than twice yearly application of the respective cultural practice. Fertilization with activated sewage sludge resulted in 14% more thatch than when NH 4 NO 3 was the N source. Within a given topdressing frequency, no differences in thatch accumulation occurred among N sources, levels of aerification, or vertical mowing. The regression of millimeters compressibility on thatch depth was not significant. Turf quality was not correlated with thatch depth. Tifdwarf had the greatest accumulation on thatch and also produced high turf quality ratings. Nitrogen source influenced turf quality more than other treatments. Activated sewage sludge produced superior turf quality, although more thatch was produced than when NH 4 NO 3 was applied. Cultural practices had no consistent effect on establishment of ‘Pennfine’ perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) overseeded on the experimental green. Ammonium nitrate produced better ryegrass quality than activated sewge sludge. Plots fertilized with activated sewage sludge had significantly more annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.) than those receiving NH 4 NO 3 . Core aerification, topdressing, nor vertical mowing frequency affected ryegrass quality or annual bluegrass occurren
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Thatch accumulation after three seasons increased in the order Tifgreen, Dothan, Tifdwarf.
- Taxon
- Bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylont0 - Material
- Tifgreen, Dothan, Tifdwarfe1
- Outcome
- Thatch accumulatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- after three seasonse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thatch accumulation, after three seasons, increased in the order: Tifgreen, Dothan, Tifdwarf”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Tifdwarf had the greatest thatch accumulation.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Material
- Tifdwarfe1
- Outcome
- accumulation on thatche1
- Direction
- greateste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Tifdwarf had the greatest accumulation on thatch and also produced high turf quality ratings”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Tifdwarf also produced high turf quality ratings.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Material
- Tifdwarfe1
- Outcome
- turf quality ratingse1
- Direction
- highe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Tifdwarf had the greatest accumulation on thatch and also produced high turf quality ratings”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Four topdressings per year reduced thatch accumulation more than a single topdressing.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Four topdressings per yeare1
- Outcome
- thatch accumulatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- a single topdressinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Four topdressings per year reduced thatch accumulation more than a single topdressing and increased mat depth”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Four topdressings per year increased mat depth compared with a single topdressing.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Four topdressings per yeare1
- Outcome
- mat depthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- a single topdressinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Four topdressings per year reduced thatch accumulation more than a single topdressing and increased mat depth”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Monthly aerification did not provide more thatch control than twice yearly aerification.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- monthly aerificatione1
- Outcome
- thatch controle1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- twice yearly application of the respective cultural practicee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Neither monthly aerification nor biweekly vertical mowing provided more thatch control than twice yearly application of the respective cultural practice”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Biweekly vertical mowing did not provide more thatch control than twice yearly mowing.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- biweekly vertical mowinge1
- Outcome
- thatch controle1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- twice yearly application of the respective cultural practicee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Neither monthly aerification nor biweekly vertical mowing provided more thatch control than twice yearly application of the respective cultural practice”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization with activated sewage sludge produced 14% more thatch than NH4NO3.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Fertilization with activated sewage sludgee1
- Outcome
- thatche1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 14%e1
- Comparator
- NH 4 NO 3e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fertilization with activated sewage sludge resulted in 14% more thatch than when NH 4 NO 3 was the N source”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Within a topdressing frequency, N sources, aerification levels and vertical mowing did not differ in thatch accumulation.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- N sourcese1
- Outcome
- thatch accumulatione1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Qualifier
- levels of aerification, or vertical mowinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Within a given topdressing frequency, no differences in thatch accumulation occurred among N sources, levels of aerification, or vertical mowing”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The regression of compressibility on thatch depth was not significant.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Outcome
- compressibility on thatch depthe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The regression of millimeters compressibility on thatch depth was not significant”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Turf quality was not correlated with thatch depth.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Outcome
- Turf qualitye1
- Qualifier
- not correlated with thatch depthe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Turf quality was not correlated with thatch depth”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen source influenced turf quality more than other treatments.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen sourcee1
- Outcome
- turf qualitye1
- Direction
- moree1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Nitrogen source influenced turf quality more than other treatments”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Activated sewage sludge produced superior turf quality compared with NH4NO3.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Activated sewage sludgee1
- Outcome
- turf qualitye1
- Direction
- superiore1
- Comparator
- NH 4 NO 3e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Activated sewage sludge produced superior turf quality, although more thatch was produced than when NH 4 NO 3 was applied”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultural practices had no consistent effect on establishment of overseeded perennial ryegrass.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrass
Lolium perennee1 - Material
- Pennfinee1
- Treatment
- Cultural practicese1
- Outcome
- establishmente1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Qualifier
- overseeded on the experimental greene1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cultural practices had no consistent effect on establishment of ‘Pennfine’ perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) overseeded on the experimental green”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate produced better ryegrass quality than activated sewage sludge.
- Treatment
- Ammonium nitratee1
- Outcome
- ryegrass qualitye1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Comparator
- activated sewge sludgee1
LoliumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Ammonium nitrate produced better ryegrass quality than activated sewge sludge”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Activated sewage sludge fertilization significantly increased annual bluegrass (Poa annua) compared with NH4NO3.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- fertilized with activated sewage sludgee1
- Outcome
- annual bluegrasse1
- Direction
- moree1
- Comparator
- NH 4 NO 3e1
Poa annuaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Plots fertilized with activated sewage sludge had significantly more annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.) than those receiving NH 4 NO 3”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Core aerification, topdressing and vertical mowing frequency had no effect on ryegrass quality or annual bluegrass occurrence.
- Treatment
- Core aerification, topdressing, nor vertical mowing frequencye1
- Interactor
- annual bluegrasse1weed
- Outcome
- ryegrass quality or annual bluegrass occurrene1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Core aerification, topdressing, nor vertical mowing frequency affected ryegrass quality or annual bluegrass occurren”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Effects of treatments on thatch accumulation were similar for all cultivars.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Outcome
- thatch accumulatione1
- Qualifier
- similar for all cultivarse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the effects of treatments on thatch accumulation were similar for all cultivars”
t0“Bermudagrass”
The same questions in other papers
pruning · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
fertilization · molecular: metabolites · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
fertilization · quality: general · LoliumPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
pruning · quality: general · LoliumPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.