Abstract
Phytoremediation is a promising new technology that uses higher plants to enhance biodegradation. Nutrient availability is an important factor governing the success of phytoremediation and can be regulated through the addition of fertilizer. A greenhouse study was conducted to assess the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus for the phytoremediation of petroleum sludge. Degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) was quantified for six fertilization rates and three vegetation treatments: bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and an unvegetated control. During the first 6 mo of the experiment, TPH declined by an average of 49% with no significant differences between treatments. After 1 yr, TPH degradation was significantly greater in both vegetated treatments with a mean TPH reduction of 68% for bermuda, 62% for fescue, and 57% for the unvegetated control. Degradation of TPH in the fescue and bermuda treatments was significantly lower in the treatments in which no fertilizer was added or N and P were added simply to maintain plant growth compared with the higher rates of fertilization. For this short-term, greenhouse experiment, optimal remediation was obtained by fertilization that produced a C to N to P ratio of 100:2:0.2.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Total petroleum hydrocarbons declined 49% in the first six months without treatment differences.
- Taxon
- bermuda grass
Cynodon dactylone1 - Outcome
- TPHe0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 49%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the first 6 mo of the experiment, TPH declined by an average of 49% with no significant differences between treatments.”
e1“bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]”
Claim · model-written summary
After one year, bermuda treatment reduced TPH by 68%.
- Taxon
- bermuda grassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- bermudae0
- Outcome
- TPH reductione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 68%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 1 yr, TPH degradation was significantly greater in both vegetated treatments with a mean TPH reduction of 68% for bermuda”
e1“bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]”
Claim · model-written summary
After one year, fescue treatment reduced TPH by 62%.
- Taxon
- tall fescue
Lolium arundinaceume1 - Treatment
- fescuee0
- Value
- 62%e0
- Comparator
- unvegetated controle0
Not reportedOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“62% for fescue, and 57% for the unvegetated control.”
e1“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
Claim · model-written summary
After one year, unvegetated control reduced TPH by 57%.
- Taxon
- bermuda grassCynodon dactylone1
- Outcome
- unvegetated controle0
- Value
- 57%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“62% for fescue, and 57% for the unvegetated control.”
e1“bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Low or maintenance fertilization reduced TPH degradation in fescue plots relative to higher fertilization.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
- Treatment
- no fertilizer was added or N and P were added simply to maintain plant growthe0
- Outcome
- Degradation of TPHe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- higher rates of fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Degradation of TPH in the fescue and bermuda treatments was significantly lower in the treatments in which no fertilizer was added or N and P were added simply to maintain plant growth compared with the higher rates of fertilization.”
e1“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low or maintenance fertilization reduced TPH degradation in bermuda plots relative to higher fertilization.
- Taxon
- bermuda grassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- no fertilizer was added or N and P were added simply to maintain plant growthe0
- Outcome
- Degradation of TPHe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- higher rates of fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Degradation of TPH in the fescue and bermuda treatments was significantly lower in the treatments in which no fertilizer was added or N and P were added simply to maintain plant growth compared with the higher rates of fertilization.”
e1“bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal short-term remediation used fertilization yielding a C:N:P ratio of 100:2:0.2.
- Taxon
- bermuda grassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- fertilization that produced a C to N to P ratio of 100:2:0.2e0
- Outcome
- optimal remediatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimal remediation was obtained by fertilization that produced a C to N to P ratio of 100:2:0.2.”
e1“bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · molecular: metabolites · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
nitrogen · molecular: metabolites · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
fertilization · molecular: metabolites · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
nitrogen · molecular: metabolites · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.