Abstract
The effect of fungicides, namely mancozeb (0.2%), zineb (0.2%) and carbendazim(0.05%), botanicals i.e. Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract (20%), Eucalyptus chamadulonsis (eucalyptus) leaf extract (5%) and Allium sativum (garlic) extract (5%) was evaluated in a field experiment conducted at the research plot of the Department of Plant Protection, SHIATS, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, during the 2012-13 rabi seasons for the management of early blight of tomato caused by Alternaria solani. The lowest percent disease incidence (PDI) was observed in mancozeb (18.36) followed by carbendazim (25.62) and zineb (27.84) treatments. Similarly, the highest yield of tomato fruits was recorded with mancozeb (246.40 q/ha) followed by carbendazim (221.50 q/ha), zineb (208.85q/ha) when sprayed three times at an interval of 15 days starting from the initiation of the disease. The botanicals, namely neem leaf extract (30.66 PDI), garlic bulb extract (32.44 PDI) and Eucalyptus leaf extract (34.07 PDI) were also effective in reducing disease incidence and increasing fruit yield by 170.60, 154.40 and 164.40 q/ha, respectively. The highest cost benefit ratio was obtained with mancozeb treatment (1:4.15) followed by carbendazim(1:3.73), however, zineb (1:3.49), neem leaf extract(1:2.88), garlic bulb extract and eucalyptus leaf extract were promising in obtaining higher returns up to 1:2.79 and 1:2.61, respectively.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Mancozeb gave the lowest disease incidence, 18.36 PDI.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- mancozebe0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solani
Alternaria solanit0pathogen - Outcome
- percent disease incidence (PDI)e0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 18.36e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest percent disease incidence (PDI) was observed in mancozeb (18.36)”
t0“tomato caused by Alternaria solani”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim gave 25.62 PDI.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanit0pathogen
- Outcome
- carbendazim (25.62)e0
- Value
- 25.62e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbendazim (25.62)”
t0“tomato caused by Alternaria solani”
Claim · model-written summary
Zineb gave 27.84 PDI.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanit0pathogen
- Outcome
- zineb (27.84)e0
- Value
- 27.84e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“zineb (27.84) treatments”
t0“tomato caused by Alternaria solani”
Claim · model-written summary
Mancozeb gave the highest fruit yield, 246.40 q/ha.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- mancozebe0
- Outcome
- yield of tomato fruitse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 246.40 q/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest yield of tomato fruits was recorded with mancozeb (246.40 q/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim yielded 221.50 q/ha.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- carbendazim (221.50 q/ha)e0
- Value
- 221.50 q/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbendazim (221.50 q/ha)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Zineb yielded 208.85q/ha.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- zineb (208.85q/ha)e0
- Value
- 208.85q/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“zineb (208.85q/ha)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem extract yielded 30.66 PDI.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanit0pathogen
- Outcome
- 30.66 PDIe0
- Value
- 30.66 PDIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neem leaf extract (30.66 PDI)”
t0“tomato caused by Alternaria solani”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract yielded 32.44 PDI.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanit0pathogen
- Outcome
- 32.44 PDIe0
- Value
- 32.44 PDIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“garlic bulb extract (32.44 PDI)”
t0“tomato caused by Alternaria solani”
Claim · model-written summary
Eucalyptus extract yielded 34.07 PDI.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanit0pathogen
- Outcome
- 34.07 PDIe0
- Value
- 34.07 PDIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eucalyptus leaf extract (34.07 PDI)”
t0“tomato caused by Alternaria solani”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem extract produced 170.60 q/ha fruit yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Value
- 170.60e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing fruit yield by 170.60, 154.40 and 164.40 q/ha, respectively”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract produced 154.40 q/ha fruit yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Value
- 154.40e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing fruit yield by 170.60, 154.40 and 164.40 q/ha, respectively”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Eucalyptus extract produced 164.40 q/ha fruit yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Value
- 164.40 q/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing fruit yield by 170.60, 154.40 and 164.40 q/ha, respectively”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Mancozeb had the highest cost benefit ratio of 1:4.15.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- cost benefit ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1:4.15e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest cost benefit ratio was obtained with mancozeb treatment (1:4.15)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim had a cost benefit ratio of 1:3.73.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- carbendazim(1:3.73)e0
- Value
- 1:3.73e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbendazim(1:3.73)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Zineb had a cost benefit ratio of 1:3.49.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- zineb (1:3.49)e0
- Value
- 1:3.49e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“zineb (1:3.49)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem extract had a cost benefit ratio of 1:2.88.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- neem leaf extract(1:2.88)e0
- Value
- 1:2.88e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neem leaf extract(1:2.88)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract returned up to 1:2.79.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- higher returnse0
- Value
- 1:2.79e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“garlic bulb extract and eucalyptus leaf extract were promising in obtaining higher returns up to 1:2.79 and 1:2.61, respectively”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Eucalyptus extract returned up to 1:2.61.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- higher returnse0
- Value
- 1:2.61e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“garlic bulb extract and eucalyptus leaf extract were promising in obtaining higher returns up to 1:2.79 and 1:2.61, respectively”
t0“tomato”
The same questions in other papers
mancozeb · Alternaria solani · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.