Environmental Impact on Processing Quality of Wheat Grain

Abstract

Improvement of end-use quality in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) depends on thorough understanding of the Influences of environment, genotype, and their interaction. This publication provides to determine the general principles underlying how the environment affects wheat quality, facilitate further investigations of the environmental mechanisms that affect grain quality specially protein in contentand thereby achieve good processing quality and also, it provides information on the environment effects on wheat quality attributes that are important to achieving this goal. There is a continuing need for wheat quality research to maintain existing standards, to introduce new and updated information and to identify novel traits, markets and end-use products. All this information must be available to wheat breeders so that new wheat varieties target the intended end-use of growers, marketers and consumers. Wheat is known to be one of the most important agricultural crops throughout the world and hence, the objective of this review was to assess and/or to determine the general principles underlying how the environment affects wheat quality, facilitate further investigations of the environmental mechanisms that affect grain protein in content, and thereby achieve good processing quality. Environmental variables have important effects on wheat grain protein accumulation and processing quality, although wheat quality is a genotype-dependent trait. Moderately high temperature, proper soil moisture (resulting from rainfall and irrigation), and sufficient solar radiation may improve wheat quality. Some ecological factors, including soil physiological and chemical properties and geographic latitude, can also affect wheat quality. Wheat quality may be improved by breeding elite varieties, improving crop/farming management practices and exploiting the synergism between genotype and the environment. In addition to the yield, the grain quality of wheat is central to the well-being of humans. Because of its high grain protein in content, wheat is extensively applied in many foods and industrial uses. Currently, increasing grain quality is becoming a widely discussed topic in crop sciences. Those, Wheat quality is directly affected by diverse environmental factors. However, the mechanisms of environmental effects are not fully elucidated, and experimental results are often inconsistent between regions or over years. More importantly, this paper provides a number of potential strategies to increase the grain protein in content and protein-based grain processing quality.

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