Abstract
【Objective】 The study is to confirm that the freshly crushed garlic bulb extract can inhibit the seed-borne pathogen growth and without phytotoxic.【Method】 According to the study method of seed-borne pathogens of ISTA,controlled effect,vigor index,root activity,α-amylase activity,and nitrate reductase activity during seed germination and seedling establishment are used to show the inhibitory effects of freshly crushed garlic extract(2.5%,1.25%,0.625% and 0.312 5%)on seed-borne pathogens of cucumber i.e.Fusarium oxysporum(Schl.) f.sp.cucumbrum Owen.and Phthium aphanidermatum(Eds.)Fitzp.Basing on Relative Index(RI),the allelopathy function is evaluated.【Result】 When the concentration of garlic bulb extract is 0.625%,the controlled effect of F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumbrum and P.aphanidermatum is 100% respectively.The allelopathy functions of garlic bulb extract have positive response to host plant,1.25% concentration of garlic bulb extract indicates that seed vigor index is enhanced by 3.74%,root activity increased by 7.44%,α-amylase activity raised by 50.35% and nitrate reductase of cucumber seedling promoted by 66.67%.RI of garlic allelopathy shows positive effect.2.5% concentration of garlic bulb extract indicates that seed vigor index is enhanced by 0.14%,root activity increased by 19.72%,α-amylase activity raised by 6.34% and nitrate reductase of cucumber seedling promoted by 130.31%.RI of garlic allelopathy showed positive effect.【Conclusion】 The inhibitory effects of freshly crushed garlic bulb extract on seed-borne pathogens of cucumber show that suitable concentration can inhibit the pathogen growth completely and without phytotoxic,and allelopathy functions of garlic bulb extract show positive effect on host plant.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.625%, garlic bulb extract controlled F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumbrum by 100%.
- Taxon
- F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumbrum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0 - Treatment
- garlic bulb extract is 0.625%e0
- Outcome
- controlled effecte0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“When the concentration of garlic bulb extract is 0.625%,the controlled effect of F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumbrum and P.aphanidermatum is 100% respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.625%, garlic bulb extract controlled P.aphanidermatum by 100%.
- Taxon
- P.aphanidermatume0
- Treatment
- garlic bulb extract is 0.625%e0
- Outcome
- controlled effecte0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“When the concentration of garlic bulb extract is 0.625%,the controlled effect of F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumbrum and P.aphanidermatum is 100% respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1.25%, garlic bulb extract enhanced cucumber seed vigor index by 3.74%.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- 1.25% concentration of garlic bulb extracte0
- Outcome
- seed vigor indexe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 3.74%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1.25% concentration of garlic bulb extract indicates that seed vigor index is enhanced by 3.74%”
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1.25%, garlic bulb extract increased cucumber root activity by 7.44%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 1.25% concentration of garlic bulb extracte0
- Outcome
- root activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1.25% concentration of garlic bulb extract indicates that seed vigor index is enhanced by 3.74%,root activity increased by 7.44%”
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1.25%, garlic bulb extract raised cucumber α-amylase activity by 50.35%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 1.25% concentration of garlic bulb extracte0
- Gene
- α-amylasee0
- Outcome
- α-amylase activitye0
- Direction
- raisede0
- Value
- 50.35%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1.25% concentration of garlic bulb extract indicates that seed vigor index is enhanced by 3.74%,root activity increased by 7.44%,α-amylase activity raised by 50.35%”
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1.25%, garlic bulb extract promoted cucumber seedling nitrate reductase by 66.67%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- 1.25% concentration of garlic bulb extracte0
- Gene
- nitrate reductasee0
- Outcome
- nitrate reductase of cucumber seedlinge0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Value
- 66.67%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1.25% concentration of garlic bulb extract indicates that seed vigor index is enhanced by 3.74%,root activity increased by 7.44%,α-amylase activity raised by 50.35% and nitrate reductase of cucumber seedling promoted by 66.67%.”
Claim · model-written summary
The relative index indicated positive garlic allelopathy at 1.25%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 1.25% concentration of garlic bulb extracte1
- Outcome
- RI of garlic allelopathye0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RI of garlic allelopathy shows positive effect.”
e1“1.25% concentration of garlic bulb extract”
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2.5%, garlic bulb extract enhanced cucumber seed vigor index by 0.14%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 2.5% concentration of garlic bulb extracte0
- Outcome
- seed vigor indexe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 0.14%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2.5% concentration of garlic bulb extract indicates that seed vigor index is enhanced by 0.14%”
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2.5%, garlic bulb extract increased cucumber root activity by 19.72%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 2.5% concentration of garlic bulb extracte0
- Outcome
- root activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19.72%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2.5% concentration of garlic bulb extract indicates that seed vigor index is enhanced by 0.14%,root activity increased by 19.72%”
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2.5%, garlic bulb extract raised cucumber α-amylase activity by 6.34%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 2.5% concentration of garlic bulb extracte0
- Gene
- α-amylasee0
- Outcome
- α-amylase activitye0
- Direction
- raisede0
- Value
- 6.34%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2.5% concentration of garlic bulb extract indicates that seed vigor index is enhanced by 0.14%,root activity increased by 19.72%,α-amylase activity raised by 6.34%”
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2.5%, garlic bulb extract promoted cucumber seedling nitrate reductase by 130.31%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- 2.5% concentration of garlic bulb extracte0
- Gene
- nitrate reductasee0
- Outcome
- nitrate reductase of cucumber seedlinge0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Value
- 130.31%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2.5% concentration of garlic bulb extract indicates that seed vigor index is enhanced by 0.14%,root activity increased by 19.72%,α-amylase activity raised by 6.34% and nitrate reductase of cucumber seedling promoted by 130.31%.”
Claim · model-written summary
The relative index indicated positive garlic allelopathy at 2.5%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 2.5% concentration of garlic bulb extracte1
- Outcome
- RI of garlic allelopathye0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RI of garlic allelopathy showed positive effect.”
e1“2.5% concentration of garlic bulb extract”
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Suitable garlic extract concentrations were reported to avoid phytotoxicity in cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- freshly crushed garlic bulb extracte0
- Outcome
- without phytotoxice0
- Qualifier
- suitable concentratione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitory effects of freshly crushed garlic bulb extract on seed-borne pathogens of cucumber show that suitable concentration can inhibit the pathogen growth completely and without phytotoxic”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.