Abstract
Seed-borne fungi in 69 sunflower cultivars were evaluated which comprised 52 confectionery and 17 oilseed types. Seed coats were placed on both NP-10 (Nonylphenol Ethoxylate based surfacant −10) and potato dextrose agar (PDA) media to culture fungi. The rate of contamination among the different varieties was calculated by counting seed coats with fungal colonies. The rate of contamination in the confectionary group (88%) was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than in the oilseed group (71%). Of the 52 confectionery varieties, the dominant fungi recovered were Verticillium dahliae along with Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., and Rhizopus spp., whereas the oilseed type varieties were contaminated with only V. dahliae. Molecular identification of fungal species via BLAST (Basic Alignment Search Tool) was performed on fungal sequences obtained from PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis. The results included five Alternaria spp. that included Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria helianthiinficiens, Alternaria longipes, and Alternaria tamaricis, three Fusarium spp. such as Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium incarnatum, and Fusarium proliferatum, and V. dahliae and Cladosporium cladosporioides. These were identified from pure fungal cultures recovered from seed coats. To efficiently control seed-borne fungi, four broad spectrum fungicides (carbendazim, triadimefon, caprio F-500, and flusilazole) were screened against V. dahliae isolate Gn3, which was isolated from a diseased LD 5009 sunflower plant. Flusilazole was selected based on its low half-maximal effective concentration value (EC50), 78.7 µg/mL. Seeds of diseased LD 5009 plants obtained from two different locations treated with formulated flusilazole fungicide at optimum parameters showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in seed germination and a decrease in contamination rate from 98% to less than 10%. The results affirmed that confectionery cultivars are much more susceptible to fungal contamination than oilseeds, and also that seed pretreatment is a suitable way to prevent the spread of soil- and seed-borne fungi in sunflower production.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Confectionery sunflower seed contamination was higher than oilseed contamination, 88% versus 71%.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Material
- confectionary groupe0
- Outcome
- rate of contaminatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 88%e0
- Qualifier
- 71%e0
- Comparator
- oilseed groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rate of contamination in the confectionary group (88%) was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than in the oilseed group (71%).”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Confectionery varieties harbored Verticillium, Alternaria and Fusarium fungi.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- confectionery varietiese0
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliae
Verticillium dahliaee0pathogen - Second interactor
- Alternaria spp.
Alternariae0pathogen - Outcome
- dominant fungi recoverede0
- Qualifier
- Fusarium spp., and Rhizopus spp.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of the 52 confectionery varieties, the dominant fungi recovered were Verticillium dahliae along with Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., and Rhizopus spp., whereas the oilseed type varieties were contaminated with only V. dahliae.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Oilseed varieties were contaminated only with V. dahliae.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- oilseed type varietiese0
- Interactor
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- contaminated with only V. dahliaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the oilseed type varieties were contaminated with only V. dahliae.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal cultures from sunflower seed coats included five Alternaria species.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Interactor
- Alternaria spp.Alternariae0pathogen
- Outcome
- five Alternaria spp.e0
- Value
- five Alternaria spp.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results included five Alternaria spp. that included Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria helianthiinficiens, Alternaria longipes, and Alternaria tamaricis, three Fusarium spp. such as Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium incarnatum, and Fusarium proliferatum, and V. dahliae and Cladosporium cladosporioides.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal cultures from sunflower seed coats included three Fusarium species.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- three Fusarium spp.e0
- Value
- three Fusarium spp.e0
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results included five Alternaria spp. that included Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria helianthiinficiens, Alternaria longipes, and Alternaria tamaricis, three Fusarium spp. such as Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium incarnatum, and Fusarium proliferatum, and V. dahliae and Cladosporium cladosporioides.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Flusilazole had an EC50 of 78.7 µg/mL against V. dahliae isolate Gn3.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Flusilazolee0
- Outcome
- half-maximal effective concentration value (EC50)e0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Value
- 78.7 µg/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flusilazole was selected based on its low half-maximal effective concentration value (EC50), 78.7 µg/mL.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Flusilazole treatment significantly increased germination of diseased LD 5009 seed.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- LD 5009e0
- Treatment
- formulated flusilazole fungicidee0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds of diseased LD 5009 plants obtained from two different locations treated with formulated flusilazole fungicide at optimum parameters showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in seed germination and a decrease in contamination rate from 98% to less than 10%.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Flusilazole treatment reduced diseased LD 5009 seed contamination from 98% to below 10%.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- LD 5009e0
- Treatment
- formulated flusilazole fungicidee0
- Outcome
- contamination ratee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- less than 10%e0
- Qualifier
- from 98%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds of diseased LD 5009 plants obtained from two different locations treated with formulated flusilazole fungicide at optimum parameters showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in seed germination and a decrease in contamination rate from 98% to less than 10%.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors considered seed pretreatment suitable to prevent fungal spread in sunflower production.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- seed pretreatment is a suitable way to prevent the spread of soil- and seed-borne fungie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed pretreatment is a suitable way to prevent the spread of soil- and seed-borne fungi in sunflower production.”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.