Abstract
Abstract Application of controlled-release urea (CRU) improves crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) compared with conventional urea. However, the effectiveness of CRU differs with fertilization placement. A two site-year field experiment was carried out in fluvo-aquic soil in central China to study the effects of two N sources (CRU and urea) and three fertilization placements (band application between two corn rows at 0, 5, and 15 cm soil depths) on fresh ear yield and NUE of sweet corn. The soil inorganic N (NO 3 − -N and NH 4 + -N) concentrations at the soil layers of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm, root morphology characteristics and leaf physiological functions were also measured during the sweet corn growth period. Results showed that the deep placement of CRU at 15 cm soil depth significantly increased the sweet corn fresh ear yield, total N uptake, and NUE by 6.3%–13.4%, 27.9%–39.5%, and 82.9%–140.1%, respectively compared with CRU application at 0 cm depth. Deep placement of CRU at 15 cm also increased the root morphology traits, gas exchange attributes, and soil NO 3 − -N and NH 4 + -N concentrations in 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm layer, especially during later crop growth stages. However, the different N placements exerted non-significant effects on NUE and fresh ear yield when urea was applied as the N source. In crux, deep CRU placement instead of urea at 15 cm depth can effectively improve fresh ear yield and NUE of sweet corn in fluvo-aquic soil because of higher root growth, better leaf physiological functions and increased availability of soil NO 3 − -N and NH 4 + -N.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Deep CRU placement increased fresh ear yield by 6.3%–13.4%.
Verbatim
e0“deep placement of CRU at 15 cm soil depth significantly increased the sweet corn fresh ear yield, total N uptake, and NUE by 6.3%–13.4%, 27.9%–39.5%, and 82.9%–140.1%, respectively compared with CRU application at 0 cm depth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep CRU placement increased total N uptake by 27.9%–39.5%.
Verbatim
e0“deep placement of CRU at 15 cm soil depth significantly increased the sweet corn fresh ear yield, total N uptake, and NUE by 6.3%–13.4%, 27.9%–39.5%, and 82.9%–140.1%, respectively compared with CRU application at 0 cm depth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep CRU placement increased NUE by 82.9%–140.1%.
Verbatim
e0“deep placement of CRU at 15 cm soil depth significantly increased the sweet corn fresh ear yield, total N uptake, and NUE by 6.3%–13.4%, 27.9%–39.5%, and 82.9%–140.1%, respectively compared with CRU application at 0 cm depth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep CRU placement increased root morphology traits and gas exchange attributes.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Treatment
- Deep placement of CRU at 15 cme0
- Outcome
- root morphology traits, gas exchange attributese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Deep placement of CRU at 15 cm also increased the root morphology traits, gas exchange attributes”
t0“sweet corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep CRU placement increased soil inorganic nitrogen concentrations.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Treatment
- Deep placement of CRU at 15 cme0
- Outcome
- soil NO 3 − -N and NH 4 + -N concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Deep placement of CRU at 15 cm also increased the root morphology traits, gas exchange attributes, and soil NO 3 − -N and NH 4 + -N concentrations in 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm layer”
t0“sweet corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Placement did not significantly affect NUE with urea.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“different N placements exerted non-significant effects on NUE and fresh ear yield when urea was applied as the N source.”
t0“sweet corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Placement did not significantly affect fresh ear yield with urea.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“different N placements exerted non-significant effects on NUE and fresh ear yield when urea was applied as the N source.”
t0“sweet corn”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.