Abstract
Pests and particularly diseases cause serious loss of yield and quality in winter oilseed rape estimated to exceed £80 million/annum in some years. These losses have occurred despite an annual expenditure of about £3.5 million for insecticides and £12 million on fungicides. Decision-making is difficult because there is complex spatial and temporal variation in pest and disease problems and improved guidance is required. The main objective of this project was to test new disease models developed in the first phase of this project and deliver a decision support system for both pest and disease control in oilseed rape. The regional light leaf spot forecast is well-established and reliable and indicates an increased risk of this disease in spring 2006. A new regional forecast for stem canker incidence preharvest has been developed and made available on the Internet. It was successful in 2004/05 and offers strategic guidance on risk provided weather factors are within the range used to develop the model. A four-stage crop-specific stem canker risk assessment method was developed that predicts the onset of phoma leaf spotting using post-harvest weather data and thermal time relationships for canker development and canker severity. Yield loss can then be calculated from canker severity and the economic impact of stem canker predicted. There is some flexibility in the timing of fungicide sprays to control stem canker. Delays of 2 to 3 weeks beyond a 10-20% plants affected threshold did not adversely affect yield. Stem canker severity and yield of different cultivars showed large variation between years and sites and smaller, but significant, variation in responses to fungicide. When phoma leaf spot appears in late autumn, it is only when plants are small that stem canker is likely to cause yield loss. In commercial crops, there were consistent trends for higher yields to be associated with higher fungicide inputs. Light leaf spot was very difficult to control with fungicides in the Aberdeen area where use of resistant cultivars is essential. The most effective disease control was obtained using a combination of resistant cultivars and fungicides. In some years, responses to fungicides were not cost-effective and targeting their use to high-risk situations is necessary to give the best margins over input costs. Close contact was maintained with potential users during the project and they influenced priorities and design features. The components of PASSWORD decision support system were tested and provide guidance for the management of invertebrate pests, phoma stem canker and light leaf spot. The system will be available to ArableDS for use in autumn 2006.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
The regional light leaf spot forecast was reliable and indicated increased disease risk in spring 2006.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rape
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napust0 - Outcome
- light leaf spot forecaste0
- Value
- increased riske0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The regional light leaf spot forecast is well-established and reliable and indicates an increased risk of this disease in spring 2006.”
t0“winter oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
A regional forecast for preharvest stem canker incidence was developed, made available online, and was successful in 2004/05.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Outcome
- stem canker incidence preharveste0
- Value
- successful in 2004/05e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A new regional forecast for stem canker incidence preharvest has been developed and made available on the Internet. It was successful in 2004/05”
t0“winter oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
A four-stage crop-specific method predicts phoma leaf spotting onset, canker severity, yield loss and economic impact.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Outcome
- stem canker risk assessmente0
- Value
- four-stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A four-stage crop-specific stem canker risk assessment method was developed that predicts the onset of phoma leaf spotting using post-harvest weather data and thermal time relationships for canker development and canker severity. Yield loss can then be calculated from canker severity and the economic impact of stem canker predicted.”
t0“winter oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying fungicide sprays 2 to 3 weeks beyond the 10-20% plant threshold did not adversely affect yield.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Delays of 2 to 3 weekse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not adversely affecte0
- Comparator
- 10-20% plants affected thresholde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Delays of 2 to 3 weeks beyond a 10-20% plants affected threshold did not adversely affect yield.”
t0“winter oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem canker severity varied greatly between years and sites.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Outcome
- Stem canker severitye0
- Direction
- large variatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem canker severity and yield of different cultivars showed large variation between years and sites and smaller, but significant, variation in responses to fungicide.”
t0“winter oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield of different cultivars varied greatly between years and sites.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- large variatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem canker severity and yield of different cultivars showed large variation between years and sites and smaller, but significant, variation in responses to fungicide.”
t0“winter oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar responses to fungicide varied significantly.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Outcome
- responses to fungicidee0
- Direction
- variatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“smaller, but significant, variation in responses to fungicide.”
t0“winter oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-autumn phoma leaf spot was associated with yield loss from stem canker only in small plants.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Organ / stage
- plants are smalle0
- Outcome
- yield losse0
- Direction
- losse0
- Qualifier
- late autumne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When phoma leaf spot appears in late autumn, it is only when plants are small that stem canker is likely to cause yield loss.”
t0“winter oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher fungicide input was consistently associated with higher yields in commercial crops.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- fungicide inputse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- commercial cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In commercial crops, there were consistent trends for higher yields to be associated with higher fungicide inputs.”
t0“winter oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide control of light leaf spot was very difficult in the Aberdeen area.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- fungicidese0
- Outcome
- Light leaf spote0
- Direction
- very difficult to controle0
- Setting
- Aberdeen areae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Light leaf spot was very difficult to control with fungicides in the Aberdeen area where use of resistant cultivars is essential.”
t0“winter oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining resistant cultivars and fungicides gave the most effective disease control.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- combination of resistant cultivars and fungicidese0
- Outcome
- disease controle0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective disease control was obtained using a combination of resistant cultivars and fungicides.”
t0“winter oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
In some years, fungicide responses were not cost effective.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Outcome
- responses to fungicidese0
- Qualifier
- In some yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In some years, responses to fungicides were not cost-effective”
t0“winter oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend resistant cultivars for light leaf spot control in the Aberdeen area.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Outcome
- use of resistant cultivars is essentiale0
- Setting
- Aberdeen areae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Light leaf spot was very difficult to control with fungicides in the Aberdeen area where use of resistant cultivars is essential.”
t0“winter oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend targeting fungicides to high-risk situations for the best margins over input costs.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Outcome
- targeting their use to high-risk situationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“targeting their use to high-risk situations is necessary to give the best margins over input costs.”
t0“winter oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Tested PASSWORD components provide guidance on invertebrate pests, phoma stem canker and light leaf spot management.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Outcome
- guidance for the management of invertebrate pests, phoma stem canker and light leaf spote0
- Value
- testede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The components of PASSWORD decision support system were tested and provide guidance for the management of invertebrate pests, phoma stem canker and light leaf spot.”
t0“winter oilseed rape”
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