Abstract
In recent years, interest has surged in the development of plant extracts into botanical nematicides as ecofriendly plant protection products. Aromatic plants are maybe the most studied category of botanicals used in this direction and the yielding essential oils are obtained on a commodity scale by hydro distillation. Nevertheless, can the bioactivity of aromatic plants always be attributed to the terpenes content? What would it mean for soil microcosms to bear the treatment of an essential oil to cure against Meloidogyne sp.? Are there other extraction procedures to prepare more ecofriendly botanical products starting from an aromatic material? Lemon thyme is studied herein for the first time for its nematicidal potential. We compare the efficacy of lemon thyme powder, macerate, water extract and essential oil to control Meloidogyne incognita (Chitwood) and Meloidogyne javanica (Chitwood), and we additionally study the secondary effects on soil microbes and free-living nematodes, as well as on tomato plant growth. According to our results lemon thyme powder enhances tomato plants’ growth in a dose-response manner and when it is incorporated in soil at 1 g kg−1, it exhibits nematicidal activity at a 95% level on M. incognita. The water extract yielding from the same dose is nematicidal only if it is left unfiltered; otherwise only a paralysis effect is demonstrated but inside the soil the biological cycle of the pest is not arrested. The essential oil is good both in performing paralysis and biological cycle arrest, but it detrimentally lowers abundances of bacterial and fungal feeding nematodes. On the contrary, lemon thyme powder and unfiltered water extract augments the bacterial biomass, while the latter also increases the bacterivorous nematodes. Overall, the bio fertilizing lemon thyme powder and its unfiltered water extract successfully control root knot nematodes and are beneficial to soil microbes and saprophytic nematodes.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Lemon thyme powder increased tomato growth in a dose-response manner.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- lemon thyme powdere0
- Outcome
- tomato plants’ growthe0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Qualifier
- dose-response mannere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lemon thyme powder enhances tomato plants’ growth in a dose-response manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Lemon thyme powder at 1 g kg−1 showed 95% nematicidal activity against M. incognita.
- Treatment
- incorporated in soil at 1 g kg−1e0
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pathogen - Outcome
- nematicidal activitye0
- Value
- 95%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“when it is incorporated in soil at 1 g kg−1, it exhibits nematicidal activity at a 95% level on M. incognita.”
Claim · model-written summary
Unfiltered lemon thyme water extract was nematicidal, whereas filtered extract only paralyzed nematodes without arresting their cycle in soil.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“The water extract yielding from the same dose is nematicidal only if it is left unfiltered; otherwise only a paralysis effect is demonstrated but inside the soil the biological cycle of the pest is not arrested.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lemon thyme essential oil caused nematode paralysis and arrested their biological cycle.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“The essential oil is good both in performing paralysis and biological cycle arrest”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
202 papers in the same direction as this paper · 87 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
287 papers more in this group
See all 291 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.