Abstract
DREB1/CBFs are key transcription factors involved in plant cold stress adaptation. The expression of DREB1/CBFs triggers a cold-responsive transcriptional cascade, after which many stress tolerance genes are expressed. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms of cold stress-inducible DREB1/CBF expression is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of plant cold stress responses and tolerance. We analyzed the roles of a transcription factor, INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION1 (ICE1), that is well known as an important transcriptional activator in the cold-inducible expression of DREB1A/CBF3 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). ice1-1 is a widely accepted mutant allele known to abolish cold-inducible DREB1A expression, and this evidence has strongly supported ICE1-DREB1A regulation for many years. However, in ice1-1 outcross descendants, we unexpectedly discovered that ice1-1 DREB1A repression was genetically independent of the ice1-1 allele ICE1(R236H). Moreover, neither ICE1 overexpression nor double loss-of-function mutation of ICE1 and its homolog SCRM2 altered DREB1A expression. Instead, a transgene locus harboring a reporter gene in the ice1-1 genome was responsible for altering DREB1A expression. The DREB1A promoter was hypermethylated due to the transgene. We showed that DREB1A repression in ice1-1 results from transgene-induced silencing and not genetic regulation by ICE1. The ICE1(R236H) mutation has also been reported as scrm-D, which confers constitutive stomatal differentiation. The scrm-D phenotype and the expression of a stomatal differentiation marker gene were confirmed to be linked to the ICE1(R236H) mutation. We propose that the current ICE1-DREB1 regulatory model should be revalidated without the previous assumptions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
DREB1A repression segregated independently of the ICE1(R236H) ice1-1 allele.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise1 - Gene
- ICE1(R236H)e0
- Outcome
- DREB1A repressione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ice1-1 DREB1A repression was genetically independent of the ice1-1 allele ICE1(R236H)”
e1“in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
ICE1 overexpression did not alter DREB1A expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- ICE1 overexpressione0
- Gene
- ICE1e0
- Outcome
- DREB1A expressione0
- Direction
- neithere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neither ICE1 overexpression nor double loss-of-function mutation of ICE1 and its homolog SCRM2 altered DREB1A expression”
e1“in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Double loss of ICE1 and SCRM2 function did not alter DREB1A expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- double loss-of-function mutation of ICE1 and its homolog SCRM2e0
- Gene
- ICE1 and its homolog SCRM2e0
- Outcome
- DREB1A expressione0
- Direction
- neithere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neither ICE1 overexpression nor double loss-of-function mutation of ICE1 and its homolog SCRM2 altered DREB1A expression”
e1“in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
A reporter transgene locus in ice1-1 altered DREB1A expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- a transgene locus harboring a reporter genee0
- Gene
- DREB1Ae0
- Outcome
- altering DREB1A expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a transgene locus harboring a reporter gene in the ice1-1 genome was responsible for altering DREB1A expression”
e1“in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
The transgene hypermethylated the DREB1A promoter.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- transgenee0
- Gene
- DREB1A promotere0
- Outcome
- hypermethylatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DREB1A promoter was hypermethylated due to the transgene”
e1“in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgene-induced silencing explains DREB1A repression in ice1-1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- DREB1Ae0
- Outcome
- DREB1A repressione0
- Qualifier
- transgene-induced silencinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DREB1A repression in ice1-1 results from transgene-induced silencing and not genetic regulation by ICE1”
e1“in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
The scrm-D stomatal differentiation phenotype was linked to ICE1(R236H).
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- ICE1(R236H)e0
- Outcome
- scrm-D phenotypee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The scrm-D phenotype and the expression of a stomatal differentiation marker gene were confirmed to be linked to the ICE1(R236H) mutation”
e1“in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of a stomatal differentiation marker gene was linked to ICE1(R236H).
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- ICE1(R236H)e0
- Outcome
- expression of a stomatal differentiation marker genee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The scrm-D phenotype and the expression of a stomatal differentiation marker gene were confirmed to be linked to the ICE1(R236H) mutation”
e1“in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose revalidating the ICE1-DREB1 regulatory model without previous assumptions.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Outcome
- ICE1-DREB1 regulatory model should be revalidatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the current ICE1-DREB1 regulatory model should be revalidated without the previous assumptions”
e1“in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · molecular: expression · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
158 papers in the same direction as this paper · 38 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
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