Abstract
Abstract Salinity is a growing problem worldwide, and techniques are needed to mitigate this problem. This study was conducted to determine if biochar (BC) can alleviate the adverse impacts of salinity stress on sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.) seedling growth. Sorghum variety Kambal was sown in salinized soils at levels of 1.2, 3.1, and 7.3 dS m −1 . The saline soils were treated with four BC rates of 0, 2, 4, and 8% (w/w). The test was a factorial design arranged as a completely randomized design with three replications. Seedling emergence percentage; root and shoot length; root and shoot dry weight; relative water content (RWC); and the activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were affected by the interaction between salinity and BC. At the 7.3 dS m −1 salinity level, 2% BC increased seedling emergence percentage by 25.0% ( P = .012). At the 7.3 dS m −1 salinity level, 4% BC level increased root and shoot length ( P = .009) and RWC by 46.0, 28.0, and 19.8% respectively. At the 7.3 dS m −1 salinity level, 8% biochar decreased CAT by 50.6%. At the high salinity level, 4% BC decreased POD and SOD by 24.9 and 23.4%, respectively. Biochar amendment proved to be more useful to alleviate the effects of salinity on the seedling growth stage. These findings suggest that using BC in suitable amounts could mitigate the adverse effects of salinity, but excess BC application may have negative influences on seedling growth.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
At 7.3 dS/m salinity, 2% biochar increased seedling emergence percentage by 25.0%.
- Material
- Kambale2
- Treatment
- 2% BCe1
- Outcome
- seedling emergence percentagee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 25.0%e1
- Qualifier
- At the 7.3 dS m −1 salinity levele1
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At the 7.3 dS m −1 salinity level, 2% BC increased seedling emergence percentage by 25.0% ( P = .012)”
e2“Sorghum variety Kambal was sown in salinized soils at levels of 1.2, 3.1, and 7.3 dS m −1”
Claim · model-written summary
At 7.3 dS/m salinity, 4% biochar increased root length by 46.0%.
- Material
- Kambale2
- Treatment
- 4% BCe1
- Outcome
- roote1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 46.0e1
- Qualifier
- At the 7.3 dS m −1 salinity levele1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At the 7.3 dS m −1 salinity level, 4% BC level increased root and shoot length ( P = .009) and RWC by 46.0, 28.0, and 19.8% respectively”
e2“Sorghum variety Kambal was sown in salinized soils at levels of 1.2, 3.1, and 7.3 dS m −1”
Claim · model-written summary
At 7.3 dS/m salinity, 4% biochar increased shoot length by 28.0%.
- Material
- Kambale2
- Treatment
- 4% BCe1
- Outcome
- shoote1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 28.0e1
- Qualifier
- At the 7.3 dS m −1 salinity levele1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At the 7.3 dS m −1 salinity level, 4% BC level increased root and shoot length ( P = .009) and RWC by 46.0, 28.0, and 19.8% respectively”
e2“Sorghum variety Kambal was sown in salinized soils at levels of 1.2, 3.1, and 7.3 dS m −1”
Claim · model-written summary
At 7.3 dS/m salinity, 4% biochar increased relative water content by 19.8%.
- Material
- Kambale2
- Treatment
- 4% BCe1
- Outcome
- RWCe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 19.8%e1
- Qualifier
- At the 7.3 dS m −1 salinity levele1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At the 7.3 dS m −1 salinity level, 4% BC level increased root and shoot length ( P = .009) and RWC by 46.0, 28.0, and 19.8% respectively”
e2“Sorghum variety Kambal was sown in salinized soils at levels of 1.2, 3.1, and 7.3 dS m −1”
Claim · model-written summary
At 7.3 dS/m salinity, 8% biochar decreased catalase activity by 50.6%.
- Material
- Kambale2
- Treatment
- 8% biochare1
- Outcome
- CATe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 50.6%e1
- Qualifier
- At the 7.3 dS m −1 salinity levele1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At the 7.3 dS m −1 salinity level, 8% biochar decreased CAT by 50.6%”
e2“Sorghum variety Kambal was sown in salinized soils at levels of 1.2, 3.1, and 7.3 dS m −1”
Claim · model-written summary
At high salinity, 4% biochar decreased peroxidase activity by 24.9%.
- Material
- Kambale2
- Treatment
- 4% BCe1
- Outcome
- PODe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 24.9e1
- Qualifier
- At the high salinity levele1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At the high salinity level, 4% BC decreased POD and SOD by 24.9 and 23.4%, respectively”
e2“Sorghum variety Kambal was sown in salinized soils at levels of 1.2, 3.1, and 7.3 dS m −1”
Claim · model-written summary
At high salinity, 4% biochar decreased superoxide dismutase activity by 23.4%.
- Material
- Kambale2
- Treatment
- 4% BCe1
- Outcome
- SODe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 23.4%e1
- Qualifier
- At the high salinity levele1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At the high salinity level, 4% BC decreased POD and SOD by 24.9 and 23.4%, respectively”
e2“Sorghum variety Kambal was sown in salinized soils at levels of 1.2, 3.1, and 7.3 dS m −1”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction between salinity and biochar affected root and shoot dry weight.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seedling emergence percentage; root and shoot length; root and shoot dry weight; relative water content (RWC); and the activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were affected by the interaction between salinity and BC”
e2“Sorghum variety Kambal was sown in salinized soils at levels of 1.2, 3.1, and 7.3 dS m −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Using biochar in suitable amounts could mitigate the adverse effects of salinity on sorghum seedlings.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“These findings suggest that using BC in suitable amounts could mitigate the adverse effects of salinity, but excess BC application may have negative influences on seedling growth”
e2“Sorghum variety Kambal was sown in salinized soils at levels of 1.2, 3.1, and 7.3 dS m −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess biochar application may have negative influences on sorghum seedling growth.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“These findings suggest that using BC in suitable amounts could mitigate the adverse effects of salinity, but excess BC application may have negative influences on seedling growth”
e2“Sorghum variety Kambal was sown in salinized soils at levels of 1.2, 3.1, and 7.3 dS m −1”
The same questions in other papers
biochar · growth · SorghumResults differ
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.