Abstract
This study was aimed at addressing the problematic taxonomy of the genus Cissus L. using three species namely; Cissus aralioides (Welw. ex Bak.) Planch, Cissus petiolata Hook.f and Cissus lageniflora Gilg and Brandt found in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. The investigation was carried out using morphological, anatomical, epidermal and phytochemical lines of evidence. Macromorphology results showed that Cissus aralioides, Cissus lageniflora and Cissus petiolata matured leaf possess digitately compound leaf type, trifoliate compound leaf type and simple leaf type respectively. Micromorphological results showed that all studied species were hypostomatic with anomocytic stomata type present in the abaxial surface of all species. Epidermal cell shape of the adaxial and abaxial surface of all species were pentagonal and irregular to polygonal respectively. Transverse sections of the petiole of studied species shows an arranged and open vascular bundles in all species, variations where however seen in the number of vascular bundles. Methanolic extract of the three cissus species studied revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like; Phenols, Alkaloids, Aglycone Glycosides, Cardiac Glycosides, Steroidal Aglycone Glycosides in the stem and leaf of all species. The results obtained shows that all studied species show diverse characteristic differences but these differences are not adequate and convincing enough to separate them into different genera but it shows that that Cissus aralioides and Cissus lageniflora are more closely related than they are to Cissus petiolate. Moreover, more species and other lines of evidence should be used in future research. A dendogram to the relatedness of the species and a dichotomous bracketed key to their identification is provided.Keywords: Cissus species, Taxonomy, dichotomous key, Dendogram
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
C. aralioides had digitately compound mature leaves.
- Taxon
- Cissus aralioidesCissus aralioidese0
- Organ / stage
- matured leafe0
- Outcome
- digitately compound leaf typee0
Verbatim
e0“Cissus aralioides, Cissus lageniflora and Cissus petiolata matured leaf possess digitately compound leaf type, trifoliate compound leaf type and simple leaf type respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
C. lageniflora had trifoliate compound mature leaves.
- Taxon
- Cissus lagenifloraCyphostemma lageniflorume0
- Organ / stage
- matured leafe0
- Outcome
- trifoliate compound leaf typee0
Verbatim
e0“Cissus aralioides, Cissus lageniflora and Cissus petiolata matured leaf possess digitately compound leaf type, trifoliate compound leaf type and simple leaf type respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
C. petiolata had simple mature leaves.
- Taxon
- Cissus petiolataCissus petiolatae0
- Organ / stage
- matured leafe0
- Outcome
- simple leaf typee0
Verbatim
e0“Cissus aralioides, Cissus lageniflora and Cissus petiolata matured leaf possess digitately compound leaf type, trifoliate compound leaf type and simple leaf type respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
All studied species were hypostomatic with abaxial anomocytic stomata.
CissusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all studied species were hypostomatic with anomocytic stomata type present in the abaxial surface of all species”
t0“genus Cissus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The adaxial epidermal cells were pentagonal.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Epidermal cell shape of the adaxial and abaxial surface of all species were pentagonal and irregular to polygonal respectively”
t0“genus Cissus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The abaxial epidermal cells were irregular to polygonal.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Epidermal cell shape of the adaxial and abaxial surface of all species were pentagonal and irregular to polygonal respectively”
t0“genus Cissus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
All species had arranged and open vascular bundles, with variation in bundle number.
- Organ / stage
- petiolee0
- Outcome
- an arranged and open vascular bundlese0
- Qualifier
- variations where however seen in the number of vascular bundlese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transverse sections of the petiole of studied species shows an arranged and open vascular bundles in all species, variations where however seen in the number of vascular bundles”
t0“genus Cissus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The three species contained the listed secondary metabolite classes in stems and leaves.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Methanolic extract of the three cissus species studied revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like; Phenols, Alkaloids, Aglycone Glycosides, Cardiac Glycosides, Steroidal Aglycone Glycosides in the stem and leaf of all species”
t0“genus Cissus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The species differences did not justify separating them into different genera.
- Outcome
- differences are not adequate and convincing enough to separate them into different generae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“differences are not adequate and convincing enough to separate them into different genera”
t0“genus Cissus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
C. aralioides and C. lageniflora were judged more closely related to one another than to C. petiolata.
- Taxon
- Cissus aralioidesCissus aralioidese0
- Outcome
- more closely relatede0
- Comparator
- Cissus petiolatee0
Verbatim
e0“Cissus aralioides and Cissus lageniflora are more closely related than they are to Cissus petiolate”
Claim · model-written summary
A dendrogram and identification key were provided.
- Outcome
- dichotomous bracketed keye0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A dendogram to the relatedness of the species and a dichotomous bracketed key to their identification is provided”
t0“genus Cissus L.”