Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stressors that causes huge losses to the agricultural industry worldwide. Different strategies have been adopted over time to mitigate the negative impact of salt stress on plants and reclaim salt-affected lands. In the current study, we used silicon (Si) as a tool for salinity alleviation in soybean and investigated the influence of exogenous Si application on the regulation of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species and other salt stress-related parameters of the treated plants. Our results revealed that the canopy temperature was much higher in sole NaCl-treated plants but declined in Si + NaCl-treated plants. Furthermore, the chlorophyll contents decreased with sole NaCl treatment, whereas Si + NaCl-treated plants showed improved chlorophyll contents. In addition, Si application normalized the photosynthetic responses, such as transpiration rate (E) and net photosynthesis rate (PN) in salt-treated plants, and reduced the activity of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione under salt stress. The expression levels of antioxidant-related genes GmCAT1, GmCAT2, and GmAPX1 started to decline at 12 h after addition of Si to NaCl-treated plants. Similarly, the S-nitrosothiol and nitric oxide (NO)-related genes were upregulated in the salt stress condition but reduced after Si supplementation. Si application downregulated genes associated with reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species and reduced enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants of the treated plants. Results of the current study conclude that Si mitigated the adverse effects of NaCl-induced stress by modulating the crosstalk between antioxidants and NO scavengers. It is suggested that Si may be used in agricultural systems for alleviating salt stress.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon lowered canopy temperature in salt-treated soybean.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Si + NaCle0
- Outcome
- canopy temperaturee0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Comparator
- sole NaCl-treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“canopy temperature was much higher in sole NaCl-treated plants but declined in Si + NaCl-treated plants”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon improved chlorophyll content in salt-treated soybean.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Si + NaCl-treated plantse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- sole NaCl treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll contents decreased with sole NaCl treatment, whereas Si + NaCl-treated plants showed improved chlorophyll contents”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon normalized transpiration and net photosynthesis rates under salt stress.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Si applicatione0
- Outcome
- transpiration rate (E) and net photosynthesis rate (PN)e0
- Direction
- normalizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si application normalized the photosynthetic responses, such as transpiration rate (E) and net photosynthesis rate (PN) in salt-treated plants”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon reduced ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione activity under salt stress.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- activity of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathionee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the activity of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione under salt stress”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon caused expression of GmCAT1, GmCAT2 and GmAPX1 to decline after 12 hours in salt-treated plants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- addition of Si to NaCl-treated plantse0
- Gene
- GmCAT1, GmCAT2, and GmAPX1e0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Qualifier
- at 12 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression levels of antioxidant-related genes GmCAT1, GmCAT2, and GmAPX1 started to decline at 12 h after addition of Si to NaCl-treated plants”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon reduced expression of S-nitrosothiol and nitric oxide related genes after salt stress had upregulated them.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Si supplementatione0
- Outcome
- S-nitrosothiol and nitric oxide (NO)-related genese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- salt stress conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the S-nitrosothiol and nitric oxide (NO)-related genes were upregulated in the salt stress condition but reduced after Si supplementation”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon downregulated genes associated with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Si applicatione0
- Outcome
- genes associated with reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen speciese0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si application downregulated genes associated with reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon reduced enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Si applicatione0
- Outcome
- enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidantse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si application downregulated genes associated with reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species and reduced enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants of the treated plants”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest silicon for agricultural salt stress alleviation.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Si may be used in agricultural systems for alleviating salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is suggested that Si may be used in agricultural systems for alleviating salt stress”
t0“Soybean”
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