Abstract
Abstract Sustainable rice production through selection of best suitable cultivar, water‐efficient crop establishment method and optimum nitrogen (N) management practice is needed to feed the growing world population. Two polyhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of rice to different rates and schedules of N application under different establishment methods subjected to alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation. In the first experiment, the response of two rice cultivars (Pathumthani 1, RD57) under three establishment methods (transplanting [TP], wet direct seeding [WDS], dry direct seeding [DDS]) and five N rates (0 [N 0 ], 30 [N 30 ], 60 [N 60 ], 90 [N 90 ], 120 [N 120 ] kg ha −1 ) was evaluated. The second experiment consisted of the same cultivars and establishment methods, but with four N application schedules (T 1 : 100% at basal; T 2 : 75% + 25% at basal and at active tillering, respectively; T 3 : 50% + 25% + 25% at basal, at active tillering and at panicle initiation, respectively; and T 4 : 25% + 25% + 25% + 25% each at basal, at active tillering, at panicle initiation and at early flowering or just before heading starts) applied at the rate of N 60 kg ha −1 . Plants were maintained under AWD irrigation (soil was saturated by applying water whenever soil water potential drops to −5 kPa during the implementation period) in both experiments. RD57 performed better than Pathumthani 1 having higher shoot dry matter, panicle number, grain yield, total N uptake and apparent N recovery efficiency. TP gave better response than WDS and DDS regardless of cultivars. Application of N 120 resulted in better growth, yield and its components and total N uptake regardless of establishment methods and cultivars. Increasing N rate decreased N use efficiency (NUE). Scheduling the interval of N application to two or three times (T 2 or T 3 ) for RD57 and Pathumthani 1, respectively, provided overall better results, and could be recommended for the tested rice cultivars. An optimal N rate and selection of critical growth stages for N application would be very effective for maximising yield and NUE under the water‐saving cultivation technique of AWD irrigation.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
RD57 exceeded Pathumthani 1 in shoot dry matter, panicle number, and grain yield.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- RD57e1
- Outcome
- shoot dry matter, panicle number, grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- Pathumthani 1e1
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice cultivars (Pathumthani 1, RD57)”
e1“RD57 performed better than Pathumthani 1 having higher shoot dry matter, panicle number, grain yield, total N uptake and apparent N recovery efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
RD57 exceeded Pathumthani 1 in total N uptake and apparent N recovery efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- RD57e1
- Outcome
- total N uptake and apparent N recovery efficiencye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- Pathumthani 1e1
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice cultivars (Pathumthani 1, RD57)”
e1“RD57 performed better than Pathumthani 1 having higher shoot dry matter, panicle number, grain yield, total N uptake and apparent N recovery efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting performed better than wet and dry direct seeding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- TPe1
- Outcome
- better responsee1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Comparator
- WDS and DDSe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of rice to different rates”
e1“TP gave better response than WDS and DDS regardless of cultivars”
e2“transplanting [TP], wet direct seeding [WDS], dry direct seeding [DDS]”
Claim · model-written summary
N 120 gave better growth, yield, yield components, and total N uptake.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- N 120e1
- Outcome
- growth, yield and its componentse1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Qualifier
- regardless of establishment methods and cultivarse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of rice to different rates”
e1“Application of N 120 resulted in better growth, yield and its components and total N uptake regardless of establishment methods and cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N rate decreased N use efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- N ratee1
- Outcome
- N use efficiency (NUE)e1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of rice to different rates”
e1“Increasing N rate decreased N use efficiency (NUE)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two N applications gave overall better results for RD57.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of rice to different rates”
e1“Scheduling the interval of N application to two or three times (T 2 or T 3 ) for RD57 and Pathumthani 1, respectively, provided overall better results”
Claim · model-written summary
Three N applications gave overall better results for Pathumthani 1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Pathumthani 1e1
- Treatment
- T 3e1
- Outcome
- overall better resultse1
- Direction
- bettere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of rice to different rates”
e1“Scheduling the interval of N application to two or three times (T 2 or T 3 ) for RD57 and Pathumthani 1, respectively, provided overall better results”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend the two-application schedule for RD57.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- RD57e1
- Outcome
- T 2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of rice to different rates”
e1“T 2 or T 3 ) for RD57 and Pathumthani 1, respectively, provided overall better results, and could be recommended for the tested rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend the three-application schedule for Pathumthani 1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Pathumthani 1e1
- Outcome
- T 3e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of rice to different rates”
e1“T 2 or T 3 ) for RD57 and Pathumthani 1, respectively, provided overall better results, and could be recommended for the tested rice cultivars”