Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted at a private farm near EL-Mansoura city, El-Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, during the two successive seasons of 2011 and 2012 to study the effect of three water irrigation levels, the first was 2600 m3 fed-1 as the control treatment (the traditional irrigation amount used by the farmers in the area), the 2nd and the 3rd treatments were 1800 and 1000 m3 fed-1, respectively, as deficit irrigation treatments as well as four foliar applications, i.e., control, magnesium carbonate, kaolin and potassium silicate on growth, chemical composition, yield, water use efficiency and fruit quality of sweet pepper plants (Gedeon F1 Hybrid) cultivated under drip irrigation system in clay-loam soil at northern of Nile Delta lands. The main results could be summarized as follows: - Applying the high irrigation water level (2600 m3 fed-1) or the deficit level (1800 m3 fed-1) combined with foliar application of kaolin or potassium silicate showed the highest significant values of all studied vegetative growth aspects, i.e., stem diameter, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and leaf relative water content. - Applying 2600 m3 fed-1 combined with foliar application of potassium silicate and 2600 or 1800 m3 fed-1 combined with foliar application of kaolin or potassium silicate significantly increased NPK uptake by sweet pepper plants foliage. - Applying 1000 m3 fed-1 combined with foliar application of kaolin or potassium silicate significantly increased total chlorophyll contents in sweet pepper leaves. - All studied yield characteristics, i.e., number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, early yield and total yield per feddan as well as water use efficiency were significantly increased by applying 1800 m3 fed-1 of irrigation water combined with foliar application of kaolin or potassium silicate. - The highest significant values of vitamin C, total soluble solids, reducing sugars and total sugars contents in sweet pepper fruits were significantly affected by applying the deficit irrigation treatments (1800 or 1000 m3 fed-1) combined with foliar application of kaolin or potassium silicate. - Fruit flesh thickness was significantly increased by applying 2600 m3 fed-1 combined with kaolin or potassium silicate foliar application. - The highest net return was obtained by applying 1800 m3 fed-1 combined with foliar application of kaolin; such treatment returns the highest benefit-cost ratio (2.51). In conclusion, this investigation demonstrate that irrigation sweet pepper plants with 1800 m3 fed-1 combined with kaolin foliar application (4%, 4 times during the season) could be recommended to improve the vegetative growth characteristics, chemical composition, total yield, water use efficiency and fruit quality, saving about 30% of the total used irrigation water quantity in sweet pepper production. Such treatment can be recommended under drip irrigation system in clay-loam soil at northern of Nil Delta lands, giving the highest net return and benefit-cost ratio to the farmers.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
High or deficit irrigation combined with kaolin or potassium silicate gave the highest stem diameter, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper
Capsicum annuumt0 - Treatment
- foliar application of kaolin or potassium silicatee1
- Outcome
- stem diameter, relative growth rate, net assimilation ratee1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER PLANTS (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e1“Applying the high irrigation water level (2600 m3 fed-1) or the deficit level (1800 m3 fed-1) combined with foliar application of kaolin or potassium silicate showed the highest significant values of all studied vegetative growth aspects, i.e., stem diameter, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and leaf relative water content”
Claim · model-written summary
High or deficit irrigation combined with kaolin or potassium silicate gave the highest leaf relative water content.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of kaolin or potassium silicatee1
- Outcome
- leaf relative water contente1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER PLANTS (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e1“Applying the high irrigation water level (2600 m3 fed-1) or the deficit level (1800 m3 fed-1) combined with foliar application of kaolin or potassium silicate showed the highest significant values of all studied vegetative growth aspects, i.e., stem diameter, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and leaf relative water content”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar potassium silicate combined with 2600 or 1800 m3 fed-1 irrigation increased NPK uptake by sweet pepper foliage.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Organ / stage
- foliagee2
- Treatment
- foliar application of potassium silicatee2
- Outcome
- NPK uptakee2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER PLANTS (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e2“Applying 2600 m3 fed-1 combined with foliar application of potassium silicate and 2600 or 1800 m3 fed-1 combined with foliar application of kaolin or potassium silicate significantly increased NPK uptake by sweet pepper plants foliage”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 1000 m3 fed-1 with kaolin or potassium silicate increased total chlorophyll content in sweet pepper leaves.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- foliar application of kaolin or potassium silicatee3
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contentse3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER PLANTS (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e3“Applying 1000 m3 fed-1 combined with foliar application of kaolin or potassium silicate significantly increased total chlorophyll contents in sweet pepper leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 1800 m3 fed-1 with kaolin or potassium silicate increased fruit number per plant, average fruit weight and early yield.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- 1800 m3 fed-1 of irrigation water combined with foliar application of kaolin or potassium silicatee4
- Outcome
- number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, early yielde4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER PLANTS (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e4“All studied yield characteristics, i.e., number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, early yield and total yield per feddan as well as water use efficiency were significantly increased by applying 1800 m3 fed-1 of irrigation water combined with foliar application of kaolin or potassium silicate”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 1800 m3 fed-1 with kaolin or potassium silicate increased total yield per feddan and water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- 1800 m3 fed-1 of irrigation water combined with foliar application of kaolin or potassium silicatee4
- Outcome
- total yield per feddan as well as water use efficiencye4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER PLANTS (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e4“All studied yield characteristics, i.e., number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, early yield and total yield per feddan as well as water use efficiency were significantly increased by applying 1800 m3 fed-1 of irrigation water combined with foliar application of kaolin or potassium silicate”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation with kaolin or potassium silicate gave the highest vitamin C, total soluble solids and reducing sugars in fruits.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Organ / stage
- sweet pepper fruitse5
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation treatments (1800 or 1000 m3 fed-1) combined with foliar application of kaolin or potassium silicatee5
- Outcome
- vitamin C, total soluble solids, reducing sugarse5
- Direction
- higheste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER PLANTS (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e5“The highest significant values of vitamin C, total soluble solids, reducing sugars and total sugars contents in sweet pepper fruits were significantly affected by applying the deficit irrigation treatments (1800 or 1000 m3 fed-1) combined with foliar application of kaolin or potassium silicate”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation with kaolin or potassium silicate gave the highest total sugars in fruits.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Organ / stage
- sweet pepper fruitse5
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation treatments (1800 or 1000 m3 fed-1) combined with foliar application of kaolin or potassium silicatee5
- Outcome
- total sugarse5
- Direction
- higheste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER PLANTS (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e5“The highest significant values of vitamin C, total soluble solids, reducing sugars and total sugars contents in sweet pepper fruits were significantly affected by applying the deficit irrigation treatments (1800 or 1000 m3 fed-1) combined with foliar application of kaolin or potassium silicate”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 2600 m3 fed-1 with kaolin or potassium silicate increased fruit flesh thickness.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- applying 2600 m3 fed-1 combined with kaolin or potassium silicate foliar applicatione6
- Outcome
- Fruit flesh thicknesse6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER PLANTS (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e6“Fruit flesh thickness was significantly increased by applying 2600 m3 fed-1 combined with kaolin or potassium silicate foliar application. - The highest net return was obtained by applying 1800 m3 fed-1 combined with foliar application of kaolin; such treatment returns the highest benefit-cost ratio (2.51)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 1800 m3 fed-1 with foliar kaolin gave the highest net return.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- applying 1800 m3 fed-1 combined with foliar application of kaoline6
- Outcome
- net returne6
- Direction
- higheste6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER PLANTS (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e6“Fruit flesh thickness was significantly increased by applying 2600 m3 fed-1 combined with kaolin or potassium silicate foliar application. - The highest net return was obtained by applying 1800 m3 fed-1 combined with foliar application of kaolin; such treatment returns the highest benefit-cost ratio (2.51)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 1800 m3 fed-1 with foliar kaolin gave the highest benefit-cost ratio (2.51).
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- applying 1800 m3 fed-1 combined with foliar application of kaoline6
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratioe6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 2.51e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER PLANTS (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e6“Fruit flesh thickness was significantly increased by applying 2600 m3 fed-1 combined with kaolin or potassium silicate foliar application. - The highest net return was obtained by applying 1800 m3 fed-1 combined with foliar application of kaolin; such treatment returns the highest benefit-cost ratio (2.51)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweet pepper irrigated with 1800 m3 fed-1 plus foliar kaolin could be recommended to improve growth, yield and fruit quality.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Outcome
- irrigation sweet pepper plants with 1800 m3 fed-1 combined with kaolin foliar applicatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER PLANTS (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e7“In conclusion, this investigation demonstrate that irrigation sweet pepper plants with 1800 m3 fed-1 combined with kaolin foliar application (4%, 4 times during the season) could be recommended to improve the vegetative growth characteristics, chemical composition, total yield, water use efficiency and fruit quality, saving about 30% of the total used irrigation water quantity in sweet pepper production.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 1800 m3 fed-1 saved about 30% of the total irrigation water used in sweet pepper production.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- 1800 m3 fed-1e7
- Outcome
- total used irrigation water quantitye7
- Direction
- savinge7
- Value
- about 30%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER PLANTS (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e7“In conclusion, this investigation demonstrate that irrigation sweet pepper plants with 1800 m3 fed-1 combined with kaolin foliar application (4%, 4 times during the season) could be recommended to improve the vegetative growth characteristics, chemical composition, total yield, water use efficiency and fruit quality, saving about 30% of the total used irrigation water quantity in sweet pepper production.”
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See all 17 papers →8 of 20 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.