Abstract
A Field trial was conducted in Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station (Middle Nile Delta, Egypt) in 2011and 2012 to study the effect of four irrigation patterns under two ridge spacing on maize growth, grain yield, yield components, saving of applied irrigation water, and water productivity(WP). The assessed irrigation patterns were: 1) Control where all of furrows were irrigated (ALL), 2) irrigating via every other furrow starting at the 3rd irrigation (EOF3), 3) irrigation via every other furrow technique starting from the 4th irrigation (EOF4), and 4) irrigating with every other furrow starting from the 5th irrigation (EOF5). Irrigation patterns were evaluated under two ridge spacing (70 and 80 cm). The experimental design was randomized complete block arranged in incomplete block design, where replications were nested within ridge spacing and irrigation pattern treatments were randomly arranged within ridge spacing treatments. The most important findings could be as follows:- *Under 80-cm ridge spacing both days to 50% tasseling and 50% silking were significantly decreased, but 70-cm ridge spacing reduced ear height, and ear position (%). * Ridge spacing did not significantly affect plant height, grain yield, number of kernels per row, ear length, ear diameter, kernel depth, and 100-kernel weight. However, 80-cm ridge spacing was associated with higher ear length, ear diameter, kernel depth, and 100-kernel weight. *Irrigation pattern (EOF3) had significantly higher days to 50% tasseling than the control (ALL). Treatment EOF4 had the highest plant height. The lowest plant height was linked to EOF5 treatment but the highest ear height and ear position resulted from application of EOF3. *Grain yield was not significantly affected by irrigation patterns. Irrigation patterns EOF4 and EOF5 were associated with the lowest number of kernels per row. * Effect of ridge spacing x irrigation pattern Interaction was significant for plant height, ear height and kernel depth. *Applied irrigation water decreased, while water productivity increased under 80-cm comparing with 70-cm ridge spacing. The highest value of applied water was recorded for (ALL) irrigation pattern treatment with 70-cm ridge spacing. Application of EOF3, EOF4, and EOF5 patterns reduced applied irrigation water and improved water productivity. *The highest WP was recorded under the interaction of planting maize crop in 80-cm ridge spacing with EOF3 and EOF4 irrigation patterns. Saving irrigation water was higher at EOF3 followed by EOF4, then EOF5. This study strongly suggest applying every other furrow irrigation technique starting from the 3rd irrigation (EOF3) with planting maize crop on 80-cm ridge spacing to save more irrigation water without concomitant reduction in grain yield.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
80-cm ridge spacing significantly decreased days to 50% tasseling and 50% silking.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under 80-cm ridge spacing both days to 50% tasseling and 50% silking were significantly decreased”
t0“MAIZE CROP”
Claim · model-written summary
70-cm ridge spacing reduced ear height and ear position.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“70-cm ridge spacing reduced ear height, and ear position (%)”
t0“MAIZE CROP”
Claim · model-written summary
Ridge spacing did not significantly affect plant height, grain yield or kernels per row.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ridge spacing did not significantly affect plant height, grain yield, number of kernels per row”
t0“MAIZE CROP”
Claim · model-written summary
Ridge spacing did not significantly affect ear length, ear diameter or kernel depth.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield, number of kernels per row, ear length, ear diameter, kernel depth”
t0“RIDGE SPACING AND IRRIGATION PATTERNS ON GROWTH, GRAIN YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS, AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY FOR MAIZE CROP”
Claim · model-written summary
Ridge spacing did not significantly affect 100-kernel weight.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and 100-kernel weight. However, 80-cm ridge spacing was associated with higher ear length”
t0“RIDGE SPACING AND IRRIGATION PATTERNS ON GROWTH, GRAIN YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS, AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY FOR MAIZE CROP”
Claim · model-written summary
80-cm spacing was associated with higher ear length, diameter and kernel depth.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“80-cm ridge spacing was associated with higher ear length, ear diameter, kernel depth”
t0“MAIZE CROP”
Claim · model-written summary
80-cm spacing was associated with higher 100-kernel weight.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“80-cm ridge spacing was associated with higher ear length, ear diameter, kernel depth, and 100-kernel weight”
t0“MAIZE CROP”
Claim · model-written summary
EOF3 significantly increased days to 50% tasseling relative to ALL.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation pattern (EOF3) had significantly higher days to 50% tasseling than the control (ALL)”
t0“MAIZE CROP”
Claim · model-written summary
EOF4 produced the highest plant height.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment EOF4 had the highest plant height”
t0“MAIZE CROP”
Claim · model-written summary
EOF5 produced the lowest plant height.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest plant height was linked to EOF5 treatment”
t0“MAIZE CROP”
Claim · model-written summary
EOF3 produced the highest ear height and ear position.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest ear height and ear position resulted from application of EOF3”
t0“MAIZE CROP”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation patterns did not significantly affect grain yield.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was not significantly affected by irrigation patterns”
t0“MAIZE CROP”
Claim · model-written summary
EOF4 and EOF5 had the lowest number of kernels per row.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation patterns EOF4 and EOF5 were associated with the lowest number of kernels per row”
t0“MAIZE CROP”
Claim · model-written summary
Ridge spacing interacted significantly with irrigation pattern for plant height, ear height and kernel depth.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effect of ridge spacing x irrigation pattern Interaction was significant for plant height, ear height and kernel depth”
t0“MAIZE CROP”
Claim · model-written summary
80-cm spacing decreased applied irrigation water compared with 70-cm spacing.
- Treatment
- 80-cme0
- Outcome
- Applied irrigation watere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 70-cm ridge spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applied irrigation water decreased, while water productivity increased under 80-cm comparing with 70-cm ridge spacing”
t0“MAIZE CROP”
Claim · model-written summary
80-cm spacing increased water productivity compared with 70-cm spacing.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water productivity increased under 80-cm comparing with 70-cm ridge spacing”
t0“MAIZE CROP”
Claim · model-written summary
ALL irrigation with 70-cm spacing had the highest applied water.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest value of applied water was recorded for (ALL) irrigation pattern treatment with 70-cm ridge spacing”
t0“MAIZE CROP”
Claim · model-written summary
EOF3, EOF4 and EOF5 reduced applied irrigation water and improved water productivity.
- Treatment
- EOF3, EOF4, and EOF5 patternse0
- Outcome
- applied irrigation water and improved water productivitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of EOF3, EOF4, and EOF5 patterns reduced applied irrigation water and improved water productivity”
t0“MAIZE CROP”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest water productivity occurred under 80-cm spacing with EOF3 and EOF4.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest WP was recorded under the interaction of planting maize crop in 80-cm ridge spacing with EOF3 and EOF4 irrigation patterns”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend EOF3 at 80-cm spacing to save water without reducing grain yield.
- Outcome
- applying every other furrow irrigation technique starting from the 3rd irrigation (EOF3) with planting maize crop on 80-cm ridge spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study strongly suggest applying every other furrow irrigation technique starting from the 3rd irrigation (EOF3) with planting maize crop on 80-cm ridge spacing to save more irrigation water without concomitant reduction in grain yield”
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