Abstract
The present work was carried out to explore the potential use of the new approach of sulfur nanoparticles compared with bulk sulfur and two other systemic fungicides to control powdery mildew in cucumber. Also, the Fungicide residues in cucumber were estimated. Examination of physico-chemical properties of the tested nanoparticles was done by using transmission electron microscope and X-Ray diffraction, which proved that the tested sulfur was sulfur (S8) with the crystal system and its anorthic and size ranged from 12.2 to 23.5 nm. The three tested fungicides, Super sardo (azoxystrobin), Muringo (diniconazole), Thiofan (bulk sulfur) and Nanosulfur (Snp) were sprayed three times to cucumber growing in pots in a greenhouse. After 3rd spray, the efficacy of the aforementioned tested fungicides was 74.0, 68.8, 42.7 and 60.9%, respectively. The area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) in case of azoxystribin, bulk sulfur and Snp increased after 1st and 2nd sprays, but it decreased after 3rd treatment. diniconazole recorded continues increase in disease area. Nanosulfur caused the highest number of fruits/plant, mean weight of fruits/plant and mean weight of one fruit and followed by azoxystribin and diniconazole, while bulk sulfur caused the lowest cucumber yield parameters. Assessment of residues of the four tested fungicides 2, 5 and 8 days after the third spray, showed that cucumber fruits can be collected two days after treatment with azoxystribin, bulk sulfur and Nanosulfur, while those treated with diniconazole can be harvested five days after spray.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Azoxystrobin (Super sardo) gave 74.0% efficacy against powdery mildew in cucumber after the third spray in a greenhouse.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse1 - Treatment
- Super sardo (azoxystrobin)e1
- Interactor
- powdery mildewe0pathogen
- Outcome
- efficacye2
- Value
- 74.0e2
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to control powdery mildew in cucumber”
e1“The three tested fungicides, Super sardo (azoxystrobin), Muringo (diniconazole), Thiofan (bulk sulfur) and Nanosulfur (Snp) were sprayed three times to cucumber growing in pots in a greenhouse”
e2“After 3rd spray, the efficacy of the aforementioned tested fungicides was 74.0, 68.8, 42.7 and 60.9%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulk sulfur (Thiofan) gave 42.7% efficacy against powdery mildew in cucumber after the third spray in a greenhouse.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- Thiofan (bulk sulfur)e1
- Interactor
- powdery mildewe0pathogen
- Outcome
- efficacye2
- Value
- 42.7e2
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to control powdery mildew in cucumber”
e1“The three tested fungicides, Super sardo (azoxystrobin), Muringo (diniconazole), Thiofan (bulk sulfur) and Nanosulfur (Snp) were sprayed three times to cucumber growing in pots in a greenhouse”
e2“After 3rd spray, the efficacy of the aforementioned tested fungicides was 74.0, 68.8, 42.7 and 60.9%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Diniconazole (Muringo) gave 68.8% efficacy against powdery mildew in cucumber after the third spray in a greenhouse.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- Muringo (diniconazole)e1
- Interactor
- powdery mildewe0pathogen
- Outcome
- efficacye2
- Value
- 68.8e2
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to control powdery mildew in cucumber”
e1“The three tested fungicides, Super sardo (azoxystrobin), Muringo (diniconazole), Thiofan (bulk sulfur) and Nanosulfur (Snp) were sprayed three times to cucumber growing in pots in a greenhouse”
e2“After 3rd spray, the efficacy of the aforementioned tested fungicides was 74.0, 68.8, 42.7 and 60.9%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanosulfur (Snp) gave 60.9% efficacy against powdery mildew in cucumber after the third spray in a greenhouse.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- Nanosulfur (Snp)e1
- Interactor
- powdery mildewe0pathogen
- Outcome
- efficacye2
- Value
- 60.9e2
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to control powdery mildew in cucumber”
e1“The three tested fungicides, Super sardo (azoxystrobin), Muringo (diniconazole), Thiofan (bulk sulfur) and Nanosulfur (Snp) were sprayed three times to cucumber growing in pots in a greenhouse”
e2“After 3rd spray, the efficacy of the aforementioned tested fungicides was 74.0, 68.8, 42.7 and 60.9%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested sulfur nanoparticles were sulfur (S8) with particle size of 12.2 to 23.5 nm, by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- sizee7
- Value
- 12.2 to 23.5 nme7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Examination of physico-chemical properties of the tested nanoparticles was done by using transmission electron microscope and X-Ray diffraction, which proved that the tested sulfur was sulfur (S8) with the crystal system and its anorthic and size ranged from 12.2 to 23.5 nm”
t0“Cucumber Powdery Mildew”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanosulfur gave the highest number of fruits per plant, mean fruit weight per plant and mean weight of one fruit in cucumber, followed by azoxystrobin and diniconazole.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse3
- Treatment
- Nanosulfure3
- Outcome
- number of fruits/plant, mean weight of fruits/plant and mean weight of one fruite3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Comparator
- azoxystribin and diniconazolee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Nanosulfur caused the highest number of fruits/plant, mean weight of fruits/plant and mean weight of one fruit and followed by azoxystribin and diniconazole, while bulk sulfur caused the lowest cucumber yield parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulk sulfur gave the lowest cucumber yield parameters.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse3
- Treatment
- bulk sulfure3
- Outcome
- yield parameterse3
- Direction
- loweste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Nanosulfur caused the highest number of fruits/plant, mean weight of fruits/plant and mean weight of one fruit and followed by azoxystribin and diniconazole, while bulk sulfur caused the lowest cucumber yield parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Azoxystrobin, bulk sulfur and nanosulfur increased the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) in cucumber after the first and second sprays.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- azoxystribin, bulk sulfur and Snpe4
- Outcome
- area under disease progress curve (AUDPC)e4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- after 1st and 2nd sprayse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The three tested fungicides, Super sardo (azoxystrobin), Muringo (diniconazole), Thiofan (bulk sulfur) and Nanosulfur (Snp) were sprayed three times to cucumber growing in pots in a greenhouse”
e4“The area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) in case of azoxystribin, bulk sulfur and Snp increased after 1st and 2nd sprays, but it decreased after 3rd treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Azoxystrobin, bulk sulfur and nanosulfur decreased the AUDPC in cucumber after the third treatment.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- azoxystribin, bulk sulfur and Snpe4
- Outcome
- area under disease progress curve (AUDPC)e4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Qualifier
- after 3rd treatmente4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The three tested fungicides, Super sardo (azoxystrobin), Muringo (diniconazole), Thiofan (bulk sulfur) and Nanosulfur (Snp) were sprayed three times to cucumber growing in pots in a greenhouse”
e4“The area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) in case of azoxystribin, bulk sulfur and Snp increased after 1st and 2nd sprays, but it decreased after 3rd treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Diniconazole showed a continuous increase in disease area in cucumber over the sprays.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- diniconazolee5
- Outcome
- disease areae5
- Direction
- continues increasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The three tested fungicides, Super sardo (azoxystrobin), Muringo (diniconazole), Thiofan (bulk sulfur) and Nanosulfur (Snp) were sprayed three times to cucumber growing in pots in a greenhouse”
e5“diniconazole recorded continues increase in disease area”
Claim · model-written summary
Cucumber fruits can be collected two days after treatment with azoxystrobin, bulk sulfur or nanosulfur.
- Taxon
- cucumber fruitsCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- azoxystribin, bulk sulfur and Nanosulfure6
- Outcome
- collected two days after treatmente6
- Value
- two dayse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“cucumber fruits can be collected two days after treatment with azoxystribin, bulk sulfur and Nanosulfur, while those treated with diniconazole can be harvested five days after spray”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruits treated with diniconazole can be harvested five days after spraying in cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumber fruitsCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- diniconazolee6
- Outcome
- harvested five days after spraye6
- Value
- five dayse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“cucumber fruits can be collected two days after treatment with azoxystribin, bulk sulfur and Nanosulfur, while those treated with diniconazole can be harvested five days after spray”
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See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.