Abstract
Poplar Cytospora canker, which is mainly caused by Cytospora chrysosperma, is one of the most destructive and widespread tree diseases worldwide. Although oxalic acid (OA) is demonstrated as an important virulence determinant in several necrotrophic fungi, specific functions of OA during pathogenesis remain controversial. Here, we identified three genes (CcOah, CcOdc1, and CcOdc2) directly involved in OA biosynthesis and catabolism in C. chrysosperma. We demonstrated that CcOah is required for OA biogenesis. All three genes were found to be highly upregulated during early infection stages of the poplar stem. The deletion of any of the three genes led to an obvious reduction of pycnidial production but no abnormality of hyphal growth and morphology. Furthermore, the individual deletion strain exhibited significantly limited lesion sizes on poplar twigs and leaves. Exogenous application of OA or citric acid can complement the virulence defects of ΔCcOah and ΔCcOdc1 strains. We further found that the ΔCcOah strain strongly promoted reactive oxygen species burst of poplar leaves during infection. Finally, induced secretion of OA was observed by monitoring color change of the plates after poplar stem extracts were added in the cultures; however, we failed to quantify OA concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography. Taken together, the present results provide insights into the function of OA acting as an important virulence factor of C. chrysosperma.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Three genes (CcOah, CcOdc1 and CcOdc2) directly involved in oxalic acid biosynthesis and catabolism were identified in C. chrysosperma.
- Taxon
- C. chrysosperma
Cytospora chrysospermae0 - Gene
- CcOah, CcOdc1, and CcOdc2e0
- Outcome
- directly involved in OA biosynthesis and catabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we identified three genes (CcOah, CcOdc1, and CcOdc2) directly involved in OA biosynthesis and catabolism in C. chrysosperma”
Claim · model-written summary
CcOah is required for oxalic acid biogenesis in C. chrysosperma.
- Taxon
- Cytospora chrysospermaCytospora chrysospermat0
- Gene
- CcOahe0
- Outcome
- OA biogenesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We demonstrated that CcOah is required for OA biogenesis”
t0“Cytospora chrysosperma”
Claim · model-written summary
All three OA genes were highly upregulated during early infection stages of the poplar stem.
- Taxon
- Cytospora chrysospermaCytospora chrysospermat0
- Organ / stage
- poplar steme0
- Gene
- All three genese0
- Outcome
- highly upregulated during early infection stagese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All three genes were found to be highly upregulated during early infection stages of the poplar stem”
t0“Cytospora chrysosperma”
Claim · model-written summary
Deletion of any of the three genes obviously reduced pycnidial production.
- Taxon
- Cytospora chrysospermaCytospora chrysospermat0
- Treatment
- deletion of any of the three genese0
- Outcome
- pycnidial productione0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The deletion of any of the three genes led to an obvious reduction of pycnidial production but no abnormality of hyphal growth and morphology”
t0“Cytospora chrysosperma”
Claim · model-written summary
Deletion of any of the three genes caused no abnormality of hyphal growth and morphology.
- Taxon
- Cytospora chrysospermaCytospora chrysospermat0
- Treatment
- deletion of any of the three genese0
- Outcome
- hyphal growth and morphologye0
- Direction
- no abnormalitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The deletion of any of the three genes led to an obvious reduction of pycnidial production but no abnormality of hyphal growth and morphology”
t0“Cytospora chrysosperma”
Claim · model-written summary
Each individual deletion strain produced significantly smaller lesions on poplar twigs and leaves.
- Organ / stage
- twigs and leavese0
- Treatment
- individual deletion straine0
- Interactor
- Cytospora chrysospermaCytospora chrysospermat0pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion sizese0
- Direction
- limitede0
PopulusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the individual deletion strain exhibited significantly limited lesion sizes on poplar twigs and leaves”
t0“Cytospora chrysosperma”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous application of oxalic acid or citric acid complemented the virulence defects of the DeltaCcOah and DeltaCcOdc1 strains.
- Taxon
- Cytospora chrysospermaCytospora chrysospermat0
- Material
- ΔCcOah and ΔCcOdc1 strainse0
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of OA or citric acide0
- Outcome
- virulence defectse0
- Direction
- complemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of OA or citric acid can complement the virulence defects of ΔCcOah and ΔCcOdc1 strains”
t0“Cytospora chrysosperma”
Claim · model-written summary
The DeltaCcOah strain strongly promoted the reactive oxygen species burst of poplar leaves during infection.
- Treatment
- ΔCcOah straine0
- Interactor
- Cytospora chrysospermaCytospora chrysospermat0pathogen
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species burst of poplar leavese0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ΔCcOah strain strongly promoted reactive oxygen species burst of poplar leaves during infection”
t0“Cytospora chrysosperma”
Claim · model-written summary
Induced secretion of oxalic acid was observed after poplar stem extracts were added to C. chrysosperma cultures.
- Taxon
- Cytospora chrysospermaCytospora chrysospermat0
- Treatment
- poplar stem extracts were added in the culturese0
- Outcome
- induced secretion of OAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“induced secretion of OA was observed by monitoring color change of the plates after poplar stem extracts were added in the cultures”
t0“Cytospora chrysosperma”
Claim · model-written summary
The results indicate that oxalic acid acts as an important virulence factor of C. chrysosperma.
- Taxon
- C. chrysospermaCytospora chrysospermae0
- Compound
- OAe0
- Outcome
- important virulence factore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the present results provide insights into the function of OA acting as an important virulence factor of C. chrysosperma”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · Cytospora chrysosperma · Populus (poplar)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.