Abstract
Azolla tissue contains 5% N, which is slowly released into the soil upon decomposition. Timing of incorporation is therefore important for maximum benefit to a crop. The effect of time to incorporate Azolla biomass on growth and yield of rice was investigated in Mwea-Kenya. Treatments consisted of 7.5 t ha-1 Azolla biomass applied at transplanting, 7.5 t ha-1 Azolla applied at 21 days after transplanting (DAT) and 30 kg N ha-1 inorganic N applied in splits at O, 21 and at 55 DAT. There were control treatments without Azolla and without inorganic N application. The treatments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Phosphorus and potassium were applied at 50 Kg ha-1 each as P2O5 and K2O. Plant height and tiller numbers were recorded at 21 (rooting/tillering), 32 (tillering), 42 (maximum tillering), 60 (flowering) and 75 DAT (heading) while yield parameters were determined at physiological maturity (120 DAT). Data were analysed using SAS software and means separated using the least significant difference test (p≤0.05). Azolla incorporation at transplanting significantly enhanced panicle m-2, grain weight and grain yield while incorporating it at 21 DAT only significantly enhanced panicle m-2. Higher environmental temperatures enhanced Azolla effect. The effect of Inorganic N significantly increased plant height, tiller number, grain weight and spikelets panicle-1. However, percentage grain filling was reduced. The effect of interaction between Azolla application and inorganic N was significant on spikelets panicle-1 and grain weight. Observations therefore indicate that the effect of Azolla on yield and yield components was more when incorporated at transplanting. Key words: Azolla, incorporation time, inorganic fertilizer, rice yields.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Azolla at transplanting significantly increased panicle density, grain weight and yield.
- Taxon
- Basmati ricet0
- Treatment
- Azolla incorporation at transplantinge0
- Outcome
- panicle m-2, grain weight and grain yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Azolla incorporation at transplanting significantly enhanced panicle m-2, grain weight and grain yield”
t0“Basmati rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Azolla at 21 DAT significantly increased panicle density.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“incorporating it at 21 DAT only significantly enhanced panicle m-2”
t0“Basmati rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher environmental temperatures enhanced the Azolla effect.
Verbatim
e0“Higher environmental temperatures enhanced Azolla effect.”
t0“Basmati rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganic nitrogen significantly increased plant height, tiller number and grain weight.
- Taxon
- Basmati ricet0
- Treatment
- Inorganic Ne0
- Outcome
- plant height, tiller number, grain weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The effect of Inorganic N significantly increased plant height, tiller number, grain weight and spikelets panicle-1.”
t0“Basmati rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganic nitrogen significantly increased spikelets per panicle.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The effect of Inorganic N significantly increased plant height, tiller number, grain weight and spikelets panicle-1.”
t0“Basmati rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganic nitrogen reduced percentage grain filling.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“percentage grain filling was reduced”
e1“The effect of Inorganic N significantly increased plant height, tiller number, grain weight and spikelets panicle-1.”
t0“Basmati rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The Azolla and inorganic nitrogen interaction significantly affected spikelets per panicle and grain weight.
- Taxon
- Basmati ricet0
- Treatment
- Azolla application and inorganic Ne0
- Outcome
- spikelets panicle-1 and grain weighte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“The effect of interaction between Azolla application and inorganic N was significant on spikelets panicle-1 and grain weight.”
t0“Basmati rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Azolla had a greater yield effect when incorporated at transplanting.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of Azolla on yield and yield components was more when incorporated at transplanting”
t0“Basmati rice”
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