Paper · 2020 · African Journal of Agricultural Research

Effect of time of Azolla incorporation and inorganic fertilizer application on growth and yield of Basmati rice

A. Oyange W.; N. Chemining’wa G.; I. Kanya J.; et al.

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claims
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verbatim quotes
9
citations
1
research areas
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Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Azolla tissue contains 5% N, which is slowly released into the soil upon decomposition. Timing of incorporation is therefore important for maximum benefit to a crop. The effect of time to incorporate Azolla biomass on growth and yield of rice was investigated in Mwea-Kenya. Treatments consisted of 7.5 t ha-1 Azolla biomass applied at transplanting, 7.5 t ha-1 Azolla applied at 21 days after transplanting (DAT) and 30 kg N ha-1 inorganic N applied in splits at O, 21 and at 55 DAT. There were control treatments without Azolla and without inorganic N application. The treatments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Phosphorus and potassium were applied at 50 Kg ha-1 each as P2O5 and K2O. Plant height and tiller numbers were recorded at 21 (rooting/tillering), 32 (tillering), 42 (maximum tillering), 60 (flowering) and 75 DAT (heading) while yield parameters were determined at physiological maturity (120 DAT). Data were analysed using SAS software and means separated using the least significant difference test (p≤0.05). Azolla incorporation at transplanting significantly enhanced panicle m-2, grain weight and grain yield while incorporating it at 21 DAT only significantly enhanced panicle m-2. Higher environmental temperatures enhanced Azolla effect. The effect of Inorganic N significantly increased plant height, tiller number, grain weight and spikelets panicle-1. However, percentage grain filling was reduced. The effect of interaction between Azolla application and inorganic N was significant on spikelets panicle-1 and grain weight. Observations therefore indicate that the effect of Azolla on yield and yield components was more when incorporated at transplanting. Key words: Azolla, incorporation time, inorganic fertilizer, rice yields.

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Claims 8

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Azolla at transplanting significantly increased panicle density, grain weight and yield.

Taxon
Basmati ricet0
Treatment
Azolla incorporation at transplantinge0
Outcome
panicle m-2, grain weight and grain yielde0
Direction
enhancede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Azolla incorporation at transplanting significantly enhanced panicle m-2, grain weight and grain yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1077–1179 · show in text ↑
t0

“Basmati rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 99–111 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Azolla at 21 DAT significantly increased panicle density.

Taxon
Basmati ricet0
Treatment
incorporating it at 21 DATe0
Outcome
panicle m-2e0
Direction
enhancede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“incorporating it at 21 DAT only significantly enhanced panicle m-2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1186–1252 · show in text ↑
t0

“Basmati rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 99–111 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher environmental temperatures enhanced the Azolla effect.

Taxon
Basmati ricet0
Treatment
Azollae0
Outcome
Azolla effecte0
Direction
enhancede0
Qualifier
Higher environmental temperaturese0

Verbatim

e0

“Higher environmental temperatures enhanced Azolla effect.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1254–1311 · show in text ↑
t0

“Basmati rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 99–111 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Inorganic nitrogen significantly increased plant height, tiller number and grain weight.

Taxon
Basmati ricet0
Treatment
Inorganic Ne0
Outcome
plant height, tiller number, grain weighte0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“The effect of Inorganic N significantly increased plant height, tiller number, grain weight and spikelets panicle-1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1312–1428 · show in text ↑
t0

“Basmati rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 99–111 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Inorganic nitrogen significantly increased spikelets per panicle.

Taxon
Basmati ricet0
Treatment
Inorganic Ne0
Outcome
spikelets panicle-1e0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“The effect of Inorganic N significantly increased plant height, tiller number, grain weight and spikelets panicle-1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1312–1428 · show in text ↑
t0

“Basmati rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 99–111 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Inorganic nitrogen reduced percentage grain filling.

Taxon
Basmati ricet0
Treatment
Inorganic Ne1
Outcome
percentage grain fillinge0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“percentage grain filling was reduced”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1438–1474 · show in text ↑
e1

“The effect of Inorganic N significantly increased plant height, tiller number, grain weight and spikelets panicle-1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1312–1428 · show in text ↑
t0

“Basmati rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 99–111 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The Azolla and inorganic nitrogen interaction significantly affected spikelets per panicle and grain weight.

Taxon
Basmati ricet0
Treatment
Azolla application and inorganic Ne0
Outcome
spikelets panicle-1 and grain weighte0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0

“The effect of interaction between Azolla application and inorganic N was significant on spikelets panicle-1 and grain weight.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1476–1601 · show in text ↑
t0

“Basmati rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 99–111 · show in text ↑
Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Azolla had a greater yield effect when incorporated at transplanting.

Taxon
Basmati ricet0
Outcome
effect of Azolla on yield and yield componentse0
Direction
moree0
Qualifier
when incorporated at transplantinge0

Verbatim

e0

“the effect of Azolla on yield and yield components was more when incorporated at transplanting”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1639–1733 · show in text ↑
t0

“Basmati rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 99–111 · show in text ↑

Azolla · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

47 papers: 43 positive, 4 negative or no effect

42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

43 papers more in this group

See all 47 papers →

transplanting · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

1,078 papers: 922 positive, 156 negative or no effect

921 papers in the same direction as this paper · 132 in the opposite direction · 24 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

1,074 papers more in this group

See all 1,078 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.