Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has signalling roles in plant stress responses. Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) soil pollutants alter plant development, mainly the root-system, by increasing NO-content, triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS), and forming peroxynitrite by NO-reaction with the superoxide anion. Interactions of NO with ROS and peroxynitrite seem important for plant tolerance to heavy metal(oid)s, but the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Our goal was to investigate NO-involvement in rice (Oryza sativa L.) root-system after exposure to Cd or As, to highlight possible differences in NO-behaviour between the two pollutants. To the aim, morpho-histological, chemical and epifluorescence analyses were carried out on roots of different origin in the root-system, under exposure to Cd or As, combined or not with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO-donor compound. Results show that increased intracellular NO levels alleviate the root-system alterations induced by Cd, i.e., inhibition of adventitious root elongation and lateral root formation, increment in lignin deposition in the sclerenchyma/endodermis cell-walls, but, even if reducing As-induced endodermis lignification, do not recover the majority of the As-damages, i.e., enhancement of AR-elongation, reduction of LR-formation, anomalous tissue-proliferation. However, NO decreases both Cd and As uptake, without affecting the pollutants translocation-capability from roots to shoots. Moreover, NO reduces the Cd-induced, but not the As-induced, ROS levels by triggering peroxynitrite production. Altogether, results highlight a different behaviour of NO in modulating rice root-system response to the toxicity of the heavy metal Cd and the metalloid As, which depends by the NO-interaction with the specific pollutant.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Increased NO alleviated cadmium inhibition of adventitious root elongation.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- increased intracellular NO levelse0
- Outcome
- inhibition of adventitious root elongatione0
- Direction
- alleviatee0
- Qualifier
- induced by Cde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased intracellular NO levels alleviate the root-system alterations induced by Cd, i.e., inhibition of adventitious root elongation”
t0“rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased NO alleviated cadmium inhibition of lateral root formation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increased intracellular NO levelse0
- Outcome
- lateral root formatione0
- Direction
- alleviatee0
- Qualifier
- induced by Cde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased intracellular NO levels alleviate the root-system alterations induced by Cd, i.e., inhibition of adventitious root elongation and lateral root formation”
t0“rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased NO alleviated cadmium-induced lignin deposition in sclerenchyma and endodermis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- sclerenchyma/endodermis cell-wallse0
- Treatment
- increased intracellular NO levelse0
- Outcome
- lignin depositione0
- Direction
- alleviatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased intracellular NO levels alleviate the root-system alterations induced by Cd, i.e., inhibition of adventitious root elongation and lateral root formation, increment in lignin deposition in the sclerenchyma/endodermis cell-walls”
t0“rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
NO reduced arsenic-induced endodermis lignification.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- endodermise0
- Outcome
- As-induced endodermis lignificatione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing As-induced endodermis lignification”
t0“rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
NO did not recover arsenic-induced enhancement of adventitious root elongation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- enhancement of AR-elongatione0
- Direction
- do not recovere0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“do not recover the majority of the As-damages, i.e., enhancement of AR-elongation”
t0“rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
NO did not recover arsenic-induced reduction of lateral root formation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- reduction of LR-formatione0
- Direction
- do not recovere0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“do not recover the majority of the As-damages, i.e., enhancement of AR-elongation, reduction of LR-formation”
t0“rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
NO did not recover arsenic-induced anomalous tissue proliferation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- anomalous tissue-proliferatione0
- Direction
- do not recovere0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“do not recover the majority of the As-damages, i.e., enhancement of AR-elongation, reduction of LR-formation, anomalous tissue-proliferation”
t0“rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
NO reduced cadmium uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO decreases both Cd and As uptake”
t0“rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
NO reduced arsenic uptake.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NOe0
- Outcome
- As uptakee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO decreases both Cd and As uptake”
t0“rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
NO did not change cadmium or arsenic translocation from roots to shoots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roots to shootse0
- Outcome
- pollutants translocation-capabilitye0
- Direction
- without affectinge0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“without affecting the pollutants translocation-capability from roots to shoots”
t0“rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
NO reduced cadmium-induced ROS levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NOe0
- Outcome
- Cd-induced, but not the As-induced, ROS levelse0
- Direction
- reducese0
- Qualifier
- by triggering peroxynitrite productione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO reduces the Cd-induced, but not the As-induced, ROS levels by triggering peroxynitrite production”
t0“rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
NO did not reduce arsenic-induced ROS levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- As-induced, ROS levelse0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not the As-induced, ROS levels”
t0“rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
NO triggered peroxynitrite production during cadmium exposure.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- peroxynitrite productione0
- Direction
- triggeringe0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by triggering peroxynitrite production”
t0“rice roots”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.