Abstract
The study was carried out during 2018-19 to evaluate energy efficiency and economical benefits of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] – neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) based agroforestry system in under rainfed condition North-eastern part of Karnataka, India. Among the directions, the energy use efficiency was non-significant. However, significantly lower EUE recorded with closer to tree line (2.20) and was increased as one moved away from the tree line and this was highest far away (3.31) from tree line. The gross returns were the maximum (₹ 55583/- ha-1 year-1) with pigeonpea on southern side at a distance of 10.8 to 16.2 m other directions at similar distances were comparable, while those planted near the tree line at < 5.4 m on the western side recorded the lowest gross returns (₹ 31029/- ha-1). Similar were the trends in net returns and B: C. The net returns and B: C were the maximum (₹ 40166/- ha-1 and 3.88, respectively) on southern side at 10.8 to 16.2 m, while those planted near the tree line at < 5.4 m on the western side of the tree line recorded the lowest net returns and B: C (₹ 15612/- ha-1 and 2.33, respectively). Sole crop of pigeonpea had gross and net returns and B: C of ₹ 45259 and 29842/- ha-1 and 2.97 respectively. Interestingly the agroforestry system of pigeonpea + neem with pigeonpea at > 10.8 m irrespective of direction of planting recorded higher returns and B: C than sole pigeonpea. In all, the economics followed crop yield and economic returns obtained from the tree component. Crop at > 10.8 m distance from neem have maximum EUE and economically profitable than sole crop.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Energy use efficiency did not differ significantly among planting directions in pigeonpea-neem agroforestry
- Taxon
- pigeonpea
Cajanus cajane0 - Treatment
- directionse1
- Outcome
- energy use efficiencye1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] – neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) based agroforestry system”
e1“Among the directions, the energy use efficiency was non-significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Energy use efficiency was significantly lower for pigeonpea planted close to the tree line (2.20)
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] – neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) based agroforestry system”
e2“significantly lower EUE recorded with closer to tree line (2.20)”
Claim · model-written summary
Energy use efficiency increased as pigeonpea was planted farther from the tree line
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- moved away from the tree linee3
- Outcome
- EUEe2
- Direction
- increasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] – neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) based agroforestry system”
e2“significantly lower EUE recorded with closer to tree line (2.20)”
e3“was increased as one moved away from the tree line and this was highest far away (3.31) from tree line”
Claim · model-written summary
Energy use efficiency was highest (3.31) for pigeonpea planted far away from the tree line
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] – neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) based agroforestry system”
e2“significantly lower EUE recorded with closer to tree line (2.20)”
e3“was increased as one moved away from the tree line and this was highest far away (3.31) from tree line”
Claim · model-written summary
Gross returns were maximum for pigeonpea on the southern side at 10.8 to 16.2 m
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- on southern side at a distance of 10.8 to 16.2 me4
- Outcome
- gross returnse4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- ₹ 55583/- ha-1 year-1e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] – neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) based agroforestry system”
e4“The gross returns were the maximum (₹ 55583/- ha-1 year-1) with pigeonpea on southern side at a distance of 10.8 to 16.2 m”
Claim · model-written summary
Gross returns were lowest for pigeonpea planted near the tree line on the western side
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- near the tree line at < 5.4 m on the western sidee5
- Outcome
- gross returnse5
- Direction
- loweste5
- Value
- ₹ 31029/- ha-1e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] – neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) based agroforestry system”
e5“those planted near the tree line at < 5.4 m on the western side recorded the lowest gross returns (₹ 31029/- ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Net returns were maximum for pigeonpea on the southern side at 10.8 to 16.2 m
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- on southern side at 10.8 to 16.2 me6
- Outcome
- net returnse6
- Direction
- maximume6
- Value
- ₹ 40166/- ha-1e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] – neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) based agroforestry system”
e6“The net returns and B: C were the maximum (₹ 40166/- ha-1 and 3.88, respectively) on southern side at 10.8 to 16.2 m”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefit to cost ratio was maximum (3.88) for pigeonpea on the southern side at 10.8 to 16.2 m
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- on southern side at 10.8 to 16.2 me6
- Outcome
- B: Ce6
- Direction
- maximume6
- Value
- 3.88e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] – neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) based agroforestry system”
e6“The net returns and B: C were the maximum (₹ 40166/- ha-1 and 3.88, respectively) on southern side at 10.8 to 16.2 m”
Claim · model-written summary
Net returns were lowest for pigeonpea planted near the tree line on the western side
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- near the tree line at < 5.4 m on the western sidee7
- Outcome
- net returnse7
- Direction
- loweste7
- Value
- ₹ 15612/- ha-1e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] – neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) based agroforestry system”
e7“those planted near the tree line at < 5.4 m on the western side of the tree line recorded the lowest net returns and B: C (₹ 15612/- ha-1 and 2.33, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefit to cost ratio was lowest (2.33) for pigeonpea planted near the tree line on the western side
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- near the tree line at < 5.4 m on the western sidee7
- Outcome
- B: Ce7
- Direction
- loweste7
- Value
- 2.33e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] – neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) based agroforestry system”
e7“those planted near the tree line at < 5.4 m on the western side of the tree line recorded the lowest net returns and B: C (₹ 15612/- ha-1 and 2.33, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole pigeonpea crop had gross returns of ₹ 45259/- ha-1
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane1
- Outcome
- gross and net returnse1
- Value
- ₹ 45259e1
- Qualifier
- Sole crope1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sole crop of pigeonpea had gross and net returns and B: C of ₹ 45259 and 29842/- ha-1 and 2.97 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole pigeonpea crop had net returns of 29842/- ha-1
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane1
- Outcome
- net returnse1
- Value
- 29842/- ha-1e1
- Qualifier
- Sole crope1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sole crop of pigeonpea had gross and net returns and B: C of ₹ 45259 and 29842/- ha-1 and 2.97 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole pigeonpea crop had benefit to cost ratio of 2.97
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane1
- Outcome
- B: Ce1
- Value
- 2.97e1
- Qualifier
- Sole crope1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sole crop of pigeonpea had gross and net returns and B: C of ₹ 45259 and 29842/- ha-1 and 2.97 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigeonpea in the pigeonpea plus neem system at more than 10.8 m had higher returns and B: C than sole pigeonpea
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane1
- Treatment
- agroforestry system of pigeonpea + neeme1
- Outcome
- returns and B: Ce1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- sole pigeonpeae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the agroforestry system of pigeonpea + neem with pigeonpea at > 10.8 m irrespective of direction of planting recorded higher returns and B: C than sole pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigeonpea more than 10.8 m from neem had maximum energy use efficiency
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- Crop at > 10.8 m distance from neeme1
- Outcome
- EUEe1
- Direction
- maximume1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] – neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) based agroforestry system”
e1“Crop at > 10.8 m distance from neem have maximum EUE and economically profitable than sole crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigeonpea more than 10.8 m from neem was economically more profitable than sole crop
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- Crop at > 10.8 m distance from neeme1
- Outcome
- economically profitablee1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Comparator
- sole crope1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] – neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) based agroforestry system”
e1“Crop at > 10.8 m distance from neem have maximum EUE and economically profitable than sole crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Economics of the pigeonpea-neem system followed crop yield and economic returns from the tree component
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- tree componente1
- Outcome
- economicse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] – neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) based agroforestry system”
e1“In all, the economics followed crop yield and economic returns obtained from the tree component”
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