intercropping · Yield · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)

Intercropping Studies with Pigeon Pea · 1975

• positive
  Intercropping arhar with the short-duration mash variety T9 gave the maximum cash returns over arhar grown alone

  compared with arhar grown alone

• negative
  Intercropping with maize reduced arhar yield by 101 per cent

Evaluation of Yield Stability in Intercropping: Studies on Sorghum/Pigeonpea · 1980

• positive
  Intercropping gave yield advantages across a wide range of environmental conditions.

cited by 2 papers here

Maximizing production in a sorghum/pigeonpea intercropping system in the semi-arid tropics · 1981

• positive
  The same package achieved 60% of the pigeonpea yield.

Effects of Population on Physiological Growth Parameters of Pigeonpea Genotypes in Sole and Intercropped Stand with Sorghum CO 22 · 1986

• positive
  Intercropping sorghum CO 22 reduced pigeonpea dry matter production.

Weed suppressing ability and productivity of short duration legumes intercroppped with pigeonpea under rainfed conditions · 1988

• positive
  Uniform row planting had higher total productivity than paired rows.

  compared with paired row planting at 40/80 cm distance

• positive
  Mungbean intercropping compensated the weed-caused yield loss.

  compared with sole pigeonpea

Studies on Integrated Weed Management in Pigeonpea/Groundnut Based Cropping System Under Rainfed Condition · 1989

• positive
  Intercropping increased pigeonpea equivalent yield over sole cropping.

  compared with sole cropping of pigeonpea

Effect of Croping System and Weed Control Methods on the Performance of Pigeonpea and Sesame grown in Association · 1994

• positive
  Pigeonpea growth, yield attributes and yield were higher with 75% sesame intercropping.

Productivity and economic viability of a palmarosa–pigeonpea intercropping system in the subtropical climate of north India · 1998

• positive
  Pigeonpea grain, stalk and total dry matter yield per plant were considerably improved at the wider row spacing in the intercropped system compared with a sole crop.

  compared with sole crop

cited by 1 paper here

Increasing Productivity of Upland Ecosystem Through Row and Mixed Intercropping of Pigeonpea with Rice-Blackgram Crop Sequence · 2001

• positive
  Row intercropping at a 10:1 ratio increased rice equivalent yield over sole crops.

  compared with sole pigeonpea and rice-blackgram crop sequence

• positive
  Row intercropping at a 6:1 ratio increased rice equivalent yield over sole crops.

  compared with sole pigeonpea and rice-blackgram crop sequence

• positive
  Mixed intercropping at a 10:1 ratio increased rice equivalent yield over sole crops.

  compared with sole pigeonpea and rice-blackgram crop sequence

cites 1 paper here

Response of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) inter cropping system to planting pattern and phosphorus management · 2001

• positive
  Pigeonpea-groundnut intercropping increased pigeonpea equivalent yield relative to sole pigeonpea.

  compared with sole pigeonpea

Production potential of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) and greengram (Phaseolus radiatus) intercropping patterns in semi arid tract of Haryana · 2001

• positive
  All intercropping patterns of pigeonpea were superior to sole crops in pigeonpea equivalent yield and land equivalent ratio.

  compared with sole crops

• negative
  Greengram as an intercrop gave significantly lower grain yield than sole greengram.

  compared with sole crop

Effect of planting systems and phosphorus with bio-fertilizers on the performance of sole and intercropped pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) under rainfed conditions · 2001

• positive
  Pigeonpea equivalent yield of the intercropped stand was 14.0% higher than the sole stand in the first season (1.71 t/ha).

  compared with sole stand

• positive
  Intercropping with mungbean increased net returns by 12.6% over sole pigeonpea in the first season.

  compared with sole

• positive
  Intercropping with mungbean increased net returns by 12.5% over sole pigeonpea in the second season.

  compared with sole

• positive
  Pigeonpea equivalent yield of the intercropped stand was 16.1% higher than the sole stand in the second season (2.01 t/ha).

  compared with sole stand

• no effect
  Sole and intercropped pigeonpea had statistically similar growth, yield attributes and yields in both seasons.

  compared with Sole

cites 1 paper herecited by 2 papers here

Effect of planting pattern and intercrop on yield and economics of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) based intercropping system · 2001

• positive
  Soybean intercropped with pigeonpea had the highest net returns of Rs 19,465tha.

Production potential and economic feasibility of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and pigeonpea (Cajnnus cajan) intercropping system on rainfed upland condition · 2001

• positive
  Pigeonpea growth and yield attributes and yield were superior under sole cropping.

Evaluation of intercropping systems involving pearlmillet (Pennisetum typhoides) and mungbean (Vigna radiata) as intercrop in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) · 2001

• positive
  Sole pigeonpea had the highest grain yield, 2.02 t/ha.
• positive
  Sole pigeonpea had the highest biological yield, 6.02 t/ha.

cites 1 paper here

Chemical weed control in pigeonpea (Cajunus cajan) intercropped with short-duration grain legumes · 2001

• positive
  Intercropping with cowpea significantly increased yield attributes and yield of pigeonpea.
• positive
  Intercropping systems gave higher return than sole cropping in both years.

  compared with sole cropping

Intercropping of greengram (Phaseolus rdiatus), blackgram (Phaseolus mungo) and sesame (Sesamum indicum) in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) under different seeding methods · 2001

• positive
  Intercropping increased total pigeonpea equivalent productivity.
• no effect
  Intercropping did not affect pigeonpea grain yield.

Effect of spatial arrangement and phosporus fertilization in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)soybean (Glycine max) intercropping system · 2001

• positive
  At 120 cm spacing, sole pigeonpea had higher branches, grains per pod and yield than intercropping.

  compared with intercropping systems

Intercropping of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) with greengram (Phaseolus radiahs) under varying levels of fertility and plant population and its residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum) · 2001

• positive
  The specified pigeonpea-greengram intercrop produced higher combined grain yield than sole crops and other intercrops.

  compared with sole pigeonpea

Weed management in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)-sesame (Sesamum indicum) intercropping system in Vindhyan red-loam tract of eastern Uttar Pradesh · 2001

• positive
  Pigeonpea intercropped with 75% sesame population gave the maximum pigeonpea-equivalent yield of 15.44 qha.

  compared with sole crop

Production potential and economic feasibility of sunflower (Helianthus annum) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) intercropping system on rainfed upland condition · 2003

• positive
  Sole cropping gave superior growth and yield attributes and yield of both crops.

Performance of sole and intercropped pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) as influenced by land configuration, post-monsoon irrigation and phosphorus fertilization · 2006

• positive
  Blackgram intercropping increased pigeonpea equivalent yield, net returns, and water and P use efficiency.

  compared with sole

• no effect
  Blackgram intercropping did not affect pigeonpea yield and nutrient uptake.

  compared with sole

cited by 2 papers here

Productivity and Economics of Maize and Pigeonpea Intercropping Under Rainfed Condition in Nor thern Transitional Zone of Karnataka · 2007

• positive
  Sole pigeonpea recorded a significantly higher grain yield than maize-pigeonpea intercropping systems.

  compared with intercropping systems

cited by 1 paper here

Performance of Pigeqnpea cultivars in fotercropping system under Rainfed conditions in Vertisols · 2007

• positive
  WRG-53 gave significantly higher benefit-cost ratio (BCR) than WRG-27 and WRG-56 in intercropping.

  compared with WRG-27 and WRG-56

Impact of crop-crop diversity on pod-borer (Helicoverpa armigera) of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) · 2007

• positive
  The intercropping systems were more profitable than sole pigeonpea.

  compared with sole pigeonpea

Sustainable Management of Dryland Alfisols (Red Soils) in South India · 2009

• positive
  Intercropping pigeon pea with pulses and oilseeds enhanced agronomic productivity.

Performance of pigeon pea genotypes intercropped with maize under humid tropical ultisol conditions · 2009

• positive
  Intercropping gave greater land productivity than sole cropping in all intercrop combinations.
• negative
  Intercropping significantly reduced grain yield of pigeonpea compared with sole crop.

  compared with sole crop system

cited by 2 papers here

Agronomic management of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajana) based intercropping systems for improving productivity under rainfed conditions · 2010

• positive
  The same system had higher gross returns.

  compared with other intercropping systems

• positive
  The same system had higher net returns.

  compared with other intercropping systems

• positive
  The same system had a higher benefit cost ratio.

  compared with other intercropping systems

Performance of Pigeonpea in Sole and Inter Cropping System in Vertisols of Krishna - Godavari Zone in Andhra Pradesh · 2010

• positive
  Intercropping pigeonpea with soybean gave higher pigeonpea equivalent yield than sole pigeonpea.

  compared with sole pigeonpea

Changing weather and introduction of pigeon pea intercrop in formerly cold pyrethrum zone · 2010

• positive
  The 1:1 pyrethrum–pigeon pea intercrop had the highest pigeon pea yield, 1.12 t ha-1.

  compared with pure stand of pigeon pea

Performance of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) intercropping as influenced by row ratios and duration of fingermillet (Elusine coracana) cultivars · 2010

• positive
  A 1:1 row arrangement increased pigeonpea equivalent yield regardless of fingermillet duration.

Integrated nutrient management in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajana) based intercropping systems under rainfed conditions. · 2010

• positive
  Pigeonpea + greengram intercropping gave significantly higher gross returns (Rs. 31273 ha-1) than pigeonpea + pearlmillet.

  compared with pigeonpea + pearlmillet intercropping system

• positive
  Pigeonpea + greengram intercropping gave significantly higher pigeonpea seed yield (13.75 q/ha) than pigeonpea + pearlmillet.

  compared with pigeonpea + pearlmillet intercropping system

• positive
  Pigeonpea + greengram intercropping gave significantly higher pigeonpea equivalent yield (17.37 q/ha) than pigeonpea + pearlmillet.

  compared with pigeonpea + pearlmillet intercropping system

• positive
  Pigeonpea + greengram intercropping gave significantly higher B:C ratio (3.59) than pigeonpea + pearlmillet.

  compared with pigeonpea + pearlmillet intercropping system

• positive
  Pigeonpea + greengram intercropping gave significantly higher net returns (Rs. 22546 ha-1) than pigeonpea + pearlmillet.

  compared with pigeonpea + pearlmillet intercropping system

Sustainable production of pigeon pea and sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina) by intercropping · 2011

• positive
  The 1:2 intercrop produced 5.15 t ha−1 pigeon pea grain.

cites 1 paper here

Evaluation of Pigeonpea Genotypes for Intercropping with Maize and Sorghum in Southern Guinea Savanna: Economic Benefits · 2012

• positive
  Intercropping consistently gave higher net benefits than sole cropping in the pigeonpea/maize systems.

  compared with sole cropping

• negative
  Intercropping depressed pigeonpea grain yields.

cites 2 papers here

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Pigeon Pea-based Intercropping System and Soil Properties in Mollisols of the Tarai Region · 2012

• positive
  Black gram intercropping raised pigeon pea and pigeon pea-equivalent yields.

  compared with its other counterparts

Effect of transpiration suppressants and nutrients on productivity and moisture-use efficiency of pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum) – pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) intercropping system under rainfed conditions · 2012

• positive
  Sole cropping significantly improved pigeonpea yield attributes and yield relative to intercropping.

  compared with intercropping system

Response of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) + mungbean (Phaseolus radiatus) intercropping system to phosphorus and biofertilizers · 2013

• positive
  The intercropping system gave higher pigeonpea equivalent yield (1451 and 1751 kg/ha) than sole pigeonpea (1235 and 1476 kg/ha) in the two years.

  compared with sole pigeonpea

• no effect
  Intercropping mungbean did not adversely affect growth attributes, yield attributes or yield of pigeonpea.
• no effect
  Intercropping mungbean in pigeonpea did not affect pigeonpea grain yield (1194 and 1443 kg/ha).

cites 2 papers here

Effect of phosphorus and bio-fertilizer on productivity, nutrient uptake and economics of pigeonpea (Cajanus Cajan) + mungbean (Phaseolus Radiatus) intercropping system · 2013

• positive
  Intercropping gave significantly higher benefit:cost ratio than sole crops.

  compared with sole pigeonpea and mungbean

• positive
  Intercropping produced pigeonpea equivalent yields of 1.45 and 1.75 t/ha, above sole pigeonpea in the two years.

  compared with sole pigeonpea

• positive
  Intercropping yielded higher pigeonpea equivalent yield than sole crops of either crop.

  compared with sole crops of both pigeonpea and mungbean

• positive
  Intercropping gave significantly higher net returns than sole crops.

  compared with sole pigeonpea and mungbean

cited by 1 paper here

Intercropping of Various Vegetables in Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) on Inceptisols under Dryland Conditions · 2013

• positive
  Pigeon pea intercropped with shepu (1:2) gave the highest B:C ratio, 1.83.

  compared with all intercrops

• positive
  Pigeon pea intercropped with shepu (1:2) gave the highest net returns of the intercrops tested, 16763/ha.

  compared with all intercrops

• negative
  Pigeon pea intercropped with coriander (1:2) gave net returns of 14600/ha, lower than the shepu intercrop.

  compared with intercropping of pigeon pea + shepu (1:2)

• negative
  Pigeon pea intercropped with coriander (1:2) gave a B:C ratio of 1.74, lower than the shepu intercrop.

  compared with intercropping of pigeon pea + shepu (1:2)

Intercropping in Rabi pigeon pea (Cajanas cajan (L.) millsp.) in south Gujarat · 2013

• positive
  Black moong intercropping gave significantly higher seed yield.

Integrated nutrient management in pigonpea based intercropping system · 2013

• positive
  Pigeonpea intercropping systems gave significantly higher pigeonpea equivalent yield than sole cropping.

  compared with sole cropping

cited by 1 paper here

Performance of different maturity pigeonpea varieties in pearl millet+pigeonpea (2 : 1) intercropping system in Northern DryZone of Karnataka · 2013

• positive
  TS-3R with GHB-558 had the highest land equivalent ratio.
• negative
  Pearl millet intercropping significantly reduced pigeonpea grain yield regardless of genotype.

Effect of transpiration suppressants and nutrients under rainfed conditions: An integral view on crop productivity and biological indices in millet/pulses intercropping system · 2014

• positive
  Pearlmillet/pigeonpea intercropping increased PEY, LER, net returns, and benefit-cost ratio relative to sole cropping.

  compared with sole cropping

• negative
  Intercropping reduced pigeonpea component yield relative to sole cropping, especially strongly.

  compared with sole cropping

Effect of pigeonpea transplanting on growth, yield and economics in sole and finger millet intercropping system under late sown conditions · 2014

• positive
  Transplanting four- to five-week-old pigeonpea seedlings in sole crop gave significantly higher net returns than direct sowing.

  compared with direct sowing of pigeonpea

• positive
  Transplanting four- to five-week-old pigeonpea seedlings in sole crop gave significantly higher pigeonpea equivalent yield than direct sowing.

  compared with direct sowing of pigeonpea

• positive
  Transplanting four- to five-week-old pigeonpea seedlings in sole crop gave a significantly higher benefit-cost ratio than direct sowing.

  compared with direct sowing of pigeonpea

Effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity, nutrient uptake and economics of rainfed pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) and blackgram (Vigna mungo) intercropping system · 2015

• positive
  Normal intercropping maximized land equivalent ratio at 1.70, matching paired intercropping and exceeding sole pigeonpea.

  compared with sole planting of pigeonpea (S1)

• positive
  Normal intercropping maximized pigeonpea equivalent yield at 21.75 q/ha, matching paired intercropping and exceeding sole pigeonpea.

  compared with sole planting of pigeonpea (S1)

• positive
  Normal intercropping maximized gross return at Rupees 120 050, matching paired intercropping and exceeding sole pigeonpea.

  compared with sole planting of pigeonpea (S1)

• positive
  Normal intercropping maximized production efficiency at 7.98 kg/ha/day, matching paired intercropping and exceeding sole pigeonpea.

  compared with sole planting of pigeonpea (S1)

• positive
  Normal intercropping maximized net return at Rupees 99 396, matching paired intercropping and exceeding sole pigeonpea.

  compared with sole planting of pigeonpea (S1)

• positive
  Normal intercropping maximized economic efficiency at 364.83 Rupees/ha/day, matching paired intercropping and exceeding sole pigeonpea.

  compared with sole planting of pigeonpea (S1)

• positive
  Normal intercropping maximized B:C ratio at 4.8, matching paired intercropping and exceeding sole pigeonpea.

  compared with sole planting of pigeonpea (S1)

cites 2 papers here

Climate Resilient Intercropping Systems for Rainfed Black Soils of Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra · 2015

• positive
  The foxtail millet plus pigeonpea system increased pigeonpea seed equivalent yield by 191 kg/ha versus sole pigeonpea.

  compared with pigeonpea

• positive
  The foxtail millet plus pigeonpea system increased pigeonpea seed equivalent yield by 406 kg/ha versus sole foxtail millet.

  compared with sole crops of foxtail millet

Effect of plant density and fertility levels of kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) + pigeon pea (Cajanas cajan) intercropping system under red and laterite zone of West Bengal, India · 2015

• positive
  Sole-cropped pigeon pea gave higher grain yield than pigeon pea in the intercropping system.

  compared with pigeon pea in intercropping system

Sustainable Dryland Technologies for Improving Productivity and Livelihood Security in Alfisols of Karnataka · 2015

• positive
  Pigeonpea plus field bean intercropping gave higher net returns of 32415/ha.

  compared with sole crop of pigeonpea

• positive
  Pigeonpea plus field bean intercropping gave higher sustainable yield index value of 0.43.

  compared with sole crop of pigeonpea

• positive
  Pigeonpea plus field bean intercropping gave higher pigeonpea equivalent yield of 1173 kg/ha than sole pigeonpea.

  compared with sole crop of pigeonpea

Growth and Yield Responses of Pigeonpea to Variable Phosphorus Application Rates When Intercropped With Maize under Dryland Conditions · 2016

• positive
  Intercropping raised second-year pigeonpea grain yield by 37% versus sole cropping.

  compared with sole cropping

• positive
  Intercropping had over 21% mean grain yield advantage across two seasons.

  compared with sole cropping

Influence of integrated nutrient management in Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millisp.] based inter-cropping system under rainfed condition. · 2016

• positive
  Black-gram intercropping produced superior pigeonpea grain yield of 18.65 and 15.82 q ha-1.

  compared with sole Pigeonpea and Pigeonpea+maize intercropping

• positive
  Black-gram intercropping gave superior B:C ratio, 2.18 and 2.20.
• positive
  Black-gram intercropping gave superior net returns, 68872 and 70170 ha-1.
• positive
  Black-gram intercropping gave superior gross returns, 10460 and 102061 ha-1.
• positive
  Black-gram intercropping produced superior pigeonpea equivalent yield of 25.35 and 23.47 q ha-1.

  compared with sole Pigeonpea and Pigeonpea+maize intercropping

cited by 1 paper here

Productivity and profitability of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)-greengram (Vigna radiata) intercropping system under various moisture conservation practices in rainfed conditions · 2016

• positive
  The 1:2 pigeonpea-greengram intercropping had higher grain yields among cropping systems.

Production potential and economics of crop sequences in Aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) based agri-horticultural system under rainfed conditions · 2017

• positive
  Pigeon pea yield was higher in sole cropping than when intercropped with aonla.

  compared with intercrop with aonla

THE CURSE OF LOW SOIL FERTILITY AND DIMINISHING MAIZE YIELDS IN SEMI-ARID KENYA:CAN PIGEONPEA PLAY SAVIOUR? · 2017

• positive
  The long duration pigeonpea intercrop with residue return gave pigeonpea grain yield of 1.4 t ha-1 per season.

Intercropping of Roselle with Red Gram and Nipped Castor is Beneficial to Dry Land Farmer · 2017

• positive
  Pigeon pea growth and yield were higher in sole crop than in intercrops.

  compared with all intercropping systems

Response of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp]to nutrient management practices in intercroppingsystem with sesame · 2017

• positive
  Sole-cropped pigeonpea produced significantly more pods per plant (128.69) than intercropped pigeonpea.

  compared with intercropping treatments

• positive
  Sole-cropped pigeonpea produced significantly higher dry matter accumulation in reproductive parts at harvest (36.91 g plant-1) than intercropped pigeonpea.

  compared with intercropping treatments

• positive
  Sole-cropped pigeonpea produced significantly higher dry matter production at harvest (166.33 g plant-1) than intercropped pigeonpea.

  compared with intercropping treatments

• positive
  Sole-cropped pigeonpea produced significantly higher seed yield (1613 kg ha-1) than intercropped pigeonpea.

  compared with intercropping treatments

• positive
  Sole-cropped pigeonpea produced significantly higher seed weight per plant (42.47 g) than intercropped pigeonpea.

  compared with intercropping treatments

• positive
  Sole-cropped pigeonpea produced significantly higher number of seeds per pod (3.65) than intercropped pigeonpea.

  compared with intercropping treatments

Response of integrated nutrient management on productivity and nutrient uptake of rainfed pigeonpea based intercropping systems · 2017

• positive
  Pigeonpea + black gram intercropping gave higher B:C ratio than pigeonpea sole and pigeonpea + maize.

  compared with pigeonpea sole and pigeonpea + maize intercropping system

• positive
  Pigeonpea + black gram intercropping gave higher pigeonpea seed yield than pigeonpea sole and pigeonpea + maize.

  compared with pigeonpea sole and pigeonpea + maize intercropping system

• positive
  Pigeonpea + black gram intercropping gave higher pigeonpea equivalent yield than pigeonpea sole and pigeonpea + maize.

  compared with pigeonpea sole and pigeonpea + maize intercropping system

Strip cropping system as a climate adaptation strategy in semi-arid Alfisols of South Central India · 2017

• positive
  4:4 strip intercropping of sorghum and pigeonpea showed higher productivity and economic returns than 2:1 intercropping.

  compared with 2:1 intercropping system

Production potential and economic returns of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) based intercropping system as influenced by planting pattern and nutrients levels · 2018

• positive
  Benefit cost ratio was maximal with full intercrop nutrient dose.
• positive
  The full recommended intercrop nutrient dose increased equivalent yield over half dose and control in both years.

  compared with 50% of recommended dose and control

• positive
  Daily income was maximal with full intercrop nutrient dose.
• positive
  Pigeonpea at 50 × 25 cm with maize fodder gave the highest equivalent yield, 1840 and 1895 kg/ha in 2015 and 2016.
• positive
  Full intercrop nutrient dose gave higher net returns than half dose and control.

  compared with 50% of recommended dose

Performance of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) Intercropping as Influenced by Row Ratios and Nutri Cereal Crops · 2018

• positive
  Intercropping pigeonpea with sorghum or foxtail millet significantly increased pigeonpea equivalent yield regardless of row proportion.
• positive
  Pigeonpea yield and yield attributes increased when intercropped with foxtail millet in a 1:1 row ratio.

cites 1 paper herecited by 1 paper here

Nodulation and Yield of Pigeonpea Based Intercropping System as Influenced by Integrated Nutrient Management in Mollisols of the Tarai Region · 2018

• positive
  Pigeonpea with blackgram had higher pigeonpea and equivalent yields than other cropping systems.

  compared with its other counter parts

Integrated nutrient management in pigeonpea-based intercropping systems · 2018

• positive
  Pigeonpea plus urdbean increased pigeonpea seed yield to 1.72 t/ha versus sole pigeonpea and pigeonpea plus maize.

  compared with sole pigeonpea and pigeonpea + maize intercropping system

• positive
  Pigeonpea plus urdbean increased net returns to 69.5 × 103/ha.

  compared with other the other cropping systems

Effect of planting methods, geometry and intercrops on growth and productivity of pigeonpea in pigeonpea based cropping systems · 2018

• positive
  Transplanted pigeonpea with greengram yielded 2,550 kg ha-1, above alternatives.
• positive
  Pigeonpea with blackgram produced significantly higher pigeonpea equivalent yield of 3,987 kg ha-1.

  compared with other intercropping systems and sole pigeonpea

Effect of intercropping systems on pigeon pea equivalent yield under different land configuration · 2018

• positive
  Pigeonpea+greengram intercropping tended to give the highest pigeon pea seed equivalent yield, 1832 Kg/ha.

Utilization of waste cultivable upland through Intercropping of fodder with Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan): Multi remedial approaches in agricultural system of Jharkhand · 2018

• positive
  Pigeon pea intercropped with soybean gave more pigeon pea yield than sole pigeon pea, about 4.5% more.

  compared with sole Pigeon pea

• positive
  The pigeon pea plus cowpea intercropping system gave more pigeon pea yield equivalent than sole pigeon pea, nearly 64% more.

  compared with sole Pigeon pea

Productivity and soil moisture conservation studies of pigeon pea based intercropping systems as influenced by different land configurations · 2019

• positive
  The pigeonpea plus greengram intercropping system gave higher seed yield, 1574 kg/ha, than the other intercropping systems.

  compared with intercropping systems

• positive
  The pigeonpea plus greengram intercropping system gave higher pigeonpea equivalent yield, 1832 kg/ha, than the other intercropping systems.

  compared with intercropping systems

Productivity and Economics of Castor and Pigeonpea based Cropping Systems with In-situ Moisture Conservation Practices in Shallow Alfisols of Semi Arid Regions · 2019

• positive
  Cowpea intercropping enhanced pigeonpea net returns over sole pigeonpea.

  compared with respective sole crops

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) + Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Intercropping System under Variable Crop Geometry and Row Ratios under Rainfed Condition · 2020

• positive
  The same T1 treatment also gave the highest land equivalent ratio, area time equivalent ratio and aggressivity.
• positive
  Treatment T1 (pigeonpea + sesame in 1:1 row ratio, pigeonpea at 90 cm x 30 cm) gave the highest pigeonpea equivalent yield, 1943 kg ha-1.

Effect of Irrigation Levels and Cropping Systems on Quality Parameters and Economics of Pigeonpea · 2020

• positive
  Pigeonpea with greengram had higher net returns.

  compared with sole pigeonpea

• positive
  Pigeonpea with greengram had higher gross returns than sole pigeonpea.

  compared with sole pigeonpea

Energy Efficiency and Economical Benefits of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] – Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) Based agroforestry System under Rainfed Condition in North-Eastern Karnataka · 2020

• positive
  Pigeonpea in the pigeonpea plus neem system at more than 10.8 m had higher returns and B: C than sole pigeonpea

  compared with sole pigeonpea

Performance and Economic Prospect of Pigeonpea Varieties in Pigeonpea-Maize Strip Intercropping in Limpopo Province · 2020

• positive
  Strip intercropping raised land equivalent ratio and cash returns over mixed intercropping.

  compared with mixed intercropping

cites 2 papers here

Performance of pigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan l.) based intercropping system with millets under Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka · 2020

• positive
  Intercropping net returns were Rs. 44419 /ha in 2017 and significantly higher than the sole crop.

  compared with sole crop

• positive
  Intercropping gross returns were Rs. 68400/ha in 2018 and significantly higher than the sole crop.

  compared with sole crop

• positive
  Intercropping gross returns were Rs. 70819/ha in 2017 and significantly higher than the sole crop.

  compared with sole crop

• positive
  Intercropping net returns were Rs. 43600 /ha in 2018 and significantly higher than the sole crop.

  compared with sole crop

Identification of Relatively More Efficient and Productive Cropping System in Varying Potential Agro-ecologies of Central Tanzania · 2021

• positive
  Pigeon pea–sorghum intercropping had the highest land equivalent ratio, 1.59, in the high sub ecology.

Competition indices of different pigeonpea based intercropping systems · 2021

• positive
  LER and ATER were highest for the pigeonpea and groundnut intercropping system.

  compared with sole pigeonpea

• no effect
  LER and ATER of the pigeonpea and groundnut intercropping system were statistically at par with intercropping of greengram, blackgram and cowpea.

  compared with intercropping of greengram, blackgram and cowpeaNo difference from an alternative treatment

Spatial Arrangement and Biofertilizers Enhance the Performance of Legume—Millet Intercropping System in Rainfed Areas of Southern India · 2021

• positive
  Intercropping improved the straw and grain yield of pigeon pea compared with its monoculture.

  compared with respective monocultures

Pigeonpea-sunflower intercropping system for mitigating climate variability under rainfed condition of western Maharashtra · 2021

• positive
  Pigeonpea + sunflower (1:2) intercropping gave higher pigeonpea equivalent yield (939 kg ha-1) than farmers’ practice of sole cropping.

  compared with farmers’ practice of sole pigeonpea and sunflower

• positive
  Pigeonpea + sunflower (1:2) intercropping gave higher pigeonpea seed yield (638 kg ha-1) than farmers’ practice of sole pigeonpea (496 kg ha-1).

  compared with farmers’ practice of sole pigeonpea

cited by 1 paper here

Evaluation of pigeon-pea based intercropping systems under irrigated conditions in coastal Odisha · 2022

• positive
  Intercropping gave higher pigeon pea seed equivalent yield than sole crops.

  compared with respective sole crops

Evaluation of Millet Based Intercropping System under Rainfed Upland Situation · 2022

• positive
  Growth and yield-contributing characters of pigeonpea were significantly higher in sole crop than in different intercropping systems.

  compared with different intercropping systems

• positive
  Grass income and net income of pigeonpea were significantly higher in sole crop than in different intercropping systems.

  compared with different intercropping systems

cites 1 paper here

Evaluation of productivity traits of five pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) varieties in pigeonpea-maize strip intercropping under rainfed condition in Limpopo Province, South Africa · 2022

• positive
  Pigeonpea in strip intercropping performed better than in mixed intercropping for early maturity, grain yield and land equivalent ratio.

  compared with mixed intercropping

• positive
  The land equivalent ratio of pigeonpea-maize strip intercropping was double that of mixed intercropping in Year 1.

  compared with mixed intercropping

• positive
  The land equivalent ratio of pigeonpea-maize strip intercropping was triple that of mixed intercropping in Year 2.

  compared with mixed intercropping

Growth, phenology and yield of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) as affected by intercropping systems and application of nutrients level to intercrops · 2023

• positive
  Pigeonpea at 50 x 25 cm intercropped with maize fodder produced maximum equivalent yields of 18.4 and 19 q/ha in 2015 and 2016 and was statistically superior to all other systems and patterns.

  compared with all other intercropping systems with different planting patterns

• no effect
  Nutrient levels applied to intercrops did not influence pigeonpea height, dry matter accumulation or seed yield.
• no effect
  Different intercropping systems did not influence pigeonpea height, dry matter accumulation or seed yield.

cited by 1 paper here

Effect of Intercropping Farming and Vermicompost System on the Nutritional Quality and Yield of Rice and Pigeonpea · 2023

• positive
  Harvest index was higher with vermicompost intercropping than urea treatment.

  compared with conventional one treated with urea

• positive
  Yield was higher with vermicompost intercropping than urea treatment.

  compared with conventional one treated with urea

Effect of Planting Pattern, Fertilizer Levels and Weed Management Practices on System Productivity and Economics of Pigeonpea-Based Intercropping System · 2023

• positive
  Intercropping in both patterns yielded higher net return and benefit cost ratio than sole pigeon pea.

  compared with sole pigeon pea

cites 1 paper here

Enhancing Nutrient Use Efficiency through Nano Urea in Pigeon Pea Based Intercropping System · 2023

• positive
  Partial factor productivity was maximum under pigeon pea with sweet corn intercropping (27.4 kg/kg).

Effect of in-situ moisture conservation practices on yield and economics of sunflower and pigeonpea intercropping in Vertisols of Northern Karnataka · 2023

• positive
  Ridges and furrows under intercropping had higher sunflower equivalent yield, land equivalent ratio, net return and benefit cost ratio.
• positive
  Sole pigeonpea yielded more than intercropped pigeonpea.

  compared with intercropping

Nutrient management for enhancing productivity of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) based intercropping system under rainfed condition · 2024

• positive
  Pigeonpea with turmeric increased pigeonpea yield to 2.00 t/ha relative to maize intercrop and sole pigeonpea.

  compared with pigeonpea + maize (Zea mays L.) intercropping and sole pigeonpea

• positive
  Pigeonpea with turmeric increased pigeonpea-equivalent yield to 4.79 t/ha relative to maize intercrop and sole pigeonpea.

  compared with pigeonpea + maize (Zea mays L.) intercropping and sole pigeonpea

• positive
  Pigeonpea with turmeric increased production efficiency to 18.0 kg/ha/day relative to maize intercrop and sole pigeonpea.

  compared with pigeonpea + maize (Zea mays L.) intercropping and sole pigeonpea

Evaluation of different pigeonpea based intercropping systems in Alfisols for higher productivity · 2024

• positive
  Pigeonpea + field bean (1:2) intercropping system had a higher land equivalent ratio.
• positive
  Pigeonpea stalk yield was higher under pigeonpea + field bean (1:2) intercropping.

cites 1 paper here

EFFECT OF INTERCROPPING AND NITROGEN MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH AND PHENOLOGY OF PIGEONPEA, SWEET CORN AND BABY CORN USING NANO UREA · 2024

• positive
  Pigeonpea dry matter accumulation was maximum under pigeonpea + sweet corn intercropping (684.1 and 1349.1 g/m2).

  compared with pigeonpea + baby corn intercropping system

• positive
  Pigeonpea grain yield was maximum under pigeonpea + sweet corn intercropping (1361 kg/ha) compared with pigeonpea + baby corn (1292 kg/ha).

  compared with pigeonpea + baby corn

cites 1 paper here

Comparative effects of legume‐based intercropping systems involving pigeon pea and cowpea under deep‐bed and conventional tillage systems in Malawi · 2024

• positive
  Intercropping had greater land productivity than sole cropping in both years.

  compared with sole cropping

Impact of organic nutrient modules on productivity of pigeonpea based intercropping system · 2024

• positive
  pigeonpea + soybean (1:4) intercropping system with 75% FYM + vermicompost + 25% neem cake gave PEY of 2644.6 kg ha-1.
• positive
  pigeonpea + soybean (1:4) intercropping system with 75% FYM + vermicompost + 25% neem cake gave seed yield of 1228.0 kg ha-1.

Efficiency dynamics of intercropping of pigeonpea with pulses, oilseeds and nutri-cereals on BBF under organic cultivation · 2024

• positive
  Pigeonpea with parching sorghum had higher gross and net monetary returns and benefit-cost ratio.

  compared with Pigeonpea + Blackgram (1:4) intercropping system

• positive
  Pigeonpea with soybean had significantly higher yield characters and yield.

  compared with Pigeonpea + Blackgram and sole pigeonpea

Energy budgeting, carbon footprint and economics of sunflower and pigeonpea system under moisture conservation practices in rainfed semi-arid tropics · 2024

• positive
  Intercropping produced a pigeonpea equivalent yield advantage of 0.53-1.13 Mg ha -1.

cites 1 paper here

Assessment of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) Based Intercropping System under Varying Planting Patterns · 2024

• positive
  All intercrop systems had significantly higher pigeonpea equivalent yield, LER and ATER than sole pigeonpea.

  compared with pigeonpea sole system

Baby corn as an intercrop in pigeonpea cultivation for higher production potential and economic returns · 2025

• positive
  Pigeonpea intercropped with baby corn gave significantly higher green fodder yield, 18,945 kg ha-1, than other cropping systems.

  compared with other cropping systems

Agronomic and economic investigation of spatial arrangement and companion crops in pigeonpea based intercropping system in Alfisols · 2026

• positive
  Paired-row pigeonpea at 150/60 cm with vegetable soybean at 1:4 had higher land equivalent ratio of 1.67.

  compared with other intercropping systems

• positive
  Paired-row pigeonpea at 120/60 cm with chia had higher equivalent yield of 1666 kg ha-1.

Genotype × cropping system × management interactions: Long-term research and system modelling in transplanted pigeonpea · 2026

• positive
  Pigeonpea and soybean intercropping raised system equivalent yield 9.97 to 17.90%.

  compared with sole pigeonpea