intercropping · Yield · Manihot esculenta (cassava)

Results differ78 papers: 48 positive, 30 negative or no effect · 1 pair of papers confirmed to differ

109 claims from these papers; 30 citations between them.

Papers whose results differ, checked claim by claim 1

1 pair of papers on this question report results that differ: an effect in one paper, the opposite effect or no effect in the other. Two model reviewers reading both claims accepted each pair.

ICT4Agroecology part I: outcomes for cassava production system (2023)
no changeLegume intercropping did not increase cassava yields at any field station.
Cassava-cowpea intercropping system for controlling soil erosion in the Northern mountainous areas of Vietnam (2022)
increaseIntercropping enhanced cassava growth, yield, harvest index and root dry matter.
The records name no dose, test system or situation that separates the two claims.Compare the two papers →

How these papers cite each other

30 citations between these papers: 18 on the same side, 12 across the two sides.

Positive result
Negative result or no effect
Citation, pointing to the cited paper
Citation across the two sides
Larger circle: more citations overall

Years run left to right. Citations come from the papers’ OpenAlex reference lists. Hover a paper to bring forward its citations; click it to open the paper.

Papers reporting a positive result 48

Economics of rainfed cropping systems: Northeast Thailand · 1981
- positive
  Legume intercropping with cassava further increases expected returns.
  compared with new system
The effects of cropping systems on cassava whiteflies in Colombia: implications for control of African cassava mosaic virus disease · 1994
- positive
  Intercropped cassava yielded more than monoculture.
  compared with monoculture
- no effect
  Cassava with maize did not reduce yield loss.
On-farm research and transfer of technology for cassava production in Vietnam · 1995
- positive
  Intercropping cassava with mungbean, peanut and winged bean increased farmer income.
Recent progress in cassava agronomy research in the Philippines · 1995
- positive
  Root yield was highest with intercropped Crotalaria juncea mulched at two months.
cited by 1 paper here
Soil Conservation Effectiveness and Crop Productivity of Forage Legume Intercropping, Contour Grass Barriers and Contour Ridging in Cassava on Andean Hillsides · 1996
- positive
  Sole cropping on contour ridges gave the best cassava fresh root yields.
On-farm evaluation of soybean and cassava intercropping in south-westNigeria · 1996
- positive
  Intercropping improved cassava tuberous root yield regardless of soybean developmental stage.
Crop yield, C and N balance of three types of cropping systems on an Ultisol in Northern Lampung · 2000
- positive
  Intercropping cassava with rice increased cassava fresh tuber weight by 5 to 48% compared with the monocropping system.
  compared with the monocrop-ping system
Practices and progress in farmer participatory research in China · 2001
- positive
  Cassava intercropped with peanut and vetiver grass contour barriers increased income by 3,300 Yuan/ha.
  compared with check treatment
Sustainable Agroforestry in Niger Delta: Soil Fertility and Yield Stability Over Ten Years · 2001
- positive
  Selected cassava and yam crop yields improved by up to 20% under agroforestry practices.
Agroforestry Practices Among Female Farmers in Ghana's Upper East Region: Yield Comparisons and Adoption Strategies · 2003
- positive
  Agroforestry was associated with a significant yield increase in cassava compared with conventional farming.
  compared with conventional farming methods
Agroforestry Practices Among Female Farmers in Ghana's Upper East Region: Yield Comparisons and Adoption Strategies · 2003
- positive
  Agroforestry gave significant yield increases in cassava.
Growth, Hay Yield and Chemical Composition of Cassava and Stylo 184 Grown under Intercropping · 2004
- positive
  Intercropping cassava with stylo 184 can improve foliage biomass yield and soil fertility compared with pure cassava.
  compared with pure stand
Influence of poultry manure and NPK fertilizer on yield and yield components of crops under different cropping systems in south west Nigeria · 2006
- positive
  Land equivalent ratios were higher under intercropping than sole cropping.
  compared with sole cropping
- no effect
  Intercropping did not significantly change cassava root yield.
  compared with sole cassavaNo difference from an alternative treatment
Effect of plant populations on the productivity of plantain and cassava intercropping · 2006
- positive
  Intercrop population enhanced cassava growth, harvestable yield and productivity in experiment I.
Agronomic practices for sustainable cassava production in Asia · 2007
- positive
  Peanut intercropping generally increases total income.
cites 1 paper here
Effect Of Cowpea Planting Density On Growth, Yield And Productivity Of Component Crops In Cowpea/Cassava Intercropping System · 2008
- positive
  Cassava intercropped with 80,000 cowpea plants/ha gave higher monetary returns than other cowpea densities or monoculture.
  compared with other population densities of cowpea or in monoculture of the two crops
cited by 4 papers here
Evaluation of the productivity of low cyanide cassava varieties in cassava/soybean intercrop · 2008
- positive
  Intercropping low cyanide cassava varieties NR.84292 and Iwa significantly improved cassava plant height, number of roots and root yields.
- positive
  Intercropping an early maturing soybean variety with low cyanide cassava varieties enhanced cassava yields.
cites 1 paper here
Enhancing The Status Of Indigenous Vegetables Through Use Of Kraal Manure Substitutes And Intercropping · 2009
- positive
  Cassava with beans had higher tuber yield than cassava monoculture in 2002.
  compared with isolated cassava monocultures
- negative
  Intercropping cassava with maize significantly reduced cassava tuber yield.
Food crop intercropping alternatives for replanting coconut farms destroyed by lethal yellowing disease · 2009
- positive
  Intercropping produced the reported value cost ratio result.
- positive
  Intercropping produced the reported cassava yield result.
Influence of cowpea and melon populations on weed infestation and farmers’ attitude to weed control practice · 2010
- positive
  Sole cassava yielded more roots than cassava in the four-crop intercrop at both sites in all three years.
  compared with grown with maize, cowpea and melon
Measuring the benefits of biological nitrogen fixation of soybean (Glycine max (l.) Merrill) in cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) and soybean intercrop · 2010
- positive
  Cassava tuber yield was highest at intercrop X 60 and intercrop X 45 kg N ha-1, at 30.0 and 29.9 t/ha.
Combat Degradation in Rain Fed Areas by Introducing New Drought Tolerant Crops in Egypt · 2011
- positive
  Intercropping cassava with Nigerian cowpea gave a 71% yield advantage.
  compared with growing cassava as solid
Technique on using the efficient stereo planting of cassava intercropping Miben Pumpkin · 2011
- positive
  Cassava intercropped with Miben Pumpkin improved economic benefit about 38% compared with traditional single cropping.
  compared with traditionally cropping cassava or miben pumpkin only
Yield and Benefit Analysis of Cassava Intercropping Mode in Wuming County · 2011
- positive
  Intercropping modes generated 1.6-4.2 times the monoculture total income.
  compared with single cassava model(CK)
- positive
  Intercropping modes generated 1.7-4.9 times the monoculture net income.
  compared with single cassava model(CK)
- positive
  The listed melon and legume intercropping modes raised cassava root yield by 6.1%-25.2% relative to monoculture.
  compared with single cassava model(CK)
Studies on Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) Intercropped with Fodder Cowpea ( Vigna sinensis L.) in Sandy Soil · 2011
- positive
  The same intercrop gave a maximum land equivalent ratio of 1.70 in the other season.
- positive
  Cassava at 1.0 m x 0.75 m with cowpea at 42000 plants/fed gave a maximum land equivalent ratio of 1.66 in one season.
cited by 1 paper here
Preliminary Report on Cassava Intercropping with Peanut in Guilin · 2013
- positive
  Peanut intercropping significantly improved cassava yield.
Influence of Selected Ecological Farming Practices on Soil Moisture Retention and Yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and Cassava (Manihot esculanta Crantz) in Semi-Arid Yatta Sub-County, Kenya · 2014
- positive
  Cassava with pigeon pea had higher tuber yield at Katangi.
- positive
  Cassava with pigeon pea had higher tuber yield at Katangi in a further season.
- positive
  Cassava with pigeon pea had higher tuber yield at Ikombe.
Preliminary Study on High Benefit Cultivation Model and Variety Screening of Cassava Peanut Intercropping · 2015
- positive
  One cassava row with two peanut rows at narrow or moderate cassava spacing had significantly higher yield benefit than one cassava row with three peanut rows at wide spacing.
  compared with one row cassava intercropping with three row peanut in the wide row spacing(1.3 m) of cassava
Achievements of Cassava Agronomy Research in Southern Ethiopia in the Last two Decades · 2016
- positive
  Cassava intercropped with haricot bean gave an LER of 1.82 compared to sole beans in the Amaro area.
  compared with sole beans
- positive
  Intercropping maize and cassava in alternate rows (1C:1M) gave a land equivalent ratio (LER) advantage of 71%.
The increase of Ultisol productivity based on intercropping cassava with peanut and soybean · 2017
- positive
  Cassava plus peanut and soybean intercropping further increased productivity.
- positive
  Cassava plus peanut intercropping further increased productivity.
- positive
  Intercropping increased net income over monoculture by up to 210%, with the peanut and soybean system highest.
  compared with monoculture system
Incorporation of Leguminous Cover Crops in Smallholder Cassava-Based Production System in Western Tanzania · 2017
- positive
  Intercropping cassava with Mucuna pruriens significantly increased cassava root yield in the first year (2.41 t·ha-1).
cited by 1 paper here
Effects of fertilizer and cassava-legume cropping systems on root yields in two agro-ecological zones of Ghana · 2017
- positive
  Cassava-groundnut intercrop gave the highest cassava root yield, 70.2 t/ha
cited by 1 paper here
Sequential Cropping Effects of Vegetable Cowpea on Cassava in Cassava-cowpea Intercrop, Umudike, Southeast Nigeria · 2018
- positive
  NR 8082//cowpea intercrop had the highest land equivalent ratio, land equivalent coefficient and %-land saved among the mixes.
  compared with other mixes
- positive
  Sequential cropping of vegetable cowpea in cassava intercrop had a strong and positive impact on system productivity.
- positive
  TMS 98/0505//cowpea intercrop had the highest total gross monetary return, net return and benefit cost ratio among the treatments.
  compared with the other treatments in the systems
cites 4 papers here
Growth, Yield and Varietal Responses of Cassava to time of Planting into Plantain Stands in a Plantain/Cassava Intercrop in Akure, South-West Nigeria · 2019
- positive
  TME 419 intercropped at planting yielded 39.5 t/ha.
  compared with TMS 98/0581
Cassava-legume intercrop: I. Effects of relative planting dates of legumes on cassava productivity · 2019
- positive
  Intercropping increased land equivalent ratio by 45% to 101% in loamy sand soil in season I.
- positive
  Intercropping increased land equivalent ratio by 25% to 65% in clay soil in season I.
cites 2 papers herecited by 1 paper here
GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSE OF NEWLY RELEASED CASSAVA GENOTYPES AND HYBRID MAIZE TO INTERCROPPING · 2019
- positive
  Sole cassava yield exceeded intercrop cassava yield.
  compared with intercrop counterparts
Effect of Cassava Intercropping with Legume Crops Followed by Sorghum on Growth, Yield and Yield Parameters of Cassava-Based Double Cropping System · 2020
- positive
  Cassava-soybean intercropping increased root yield by 41.7% versus cassava-cowpea.
  compared with cassava-cowpea
- positive
  Cassava-soybean intercropping increased root yield by 21.3% versus cassava-haricot bean.
  compared with cassava-haricot bean
cites 1 paper herecited by 2 papers here
Applying organic fertilizer in cassava (Manihot esculenta) – mungbean (Vigna radiata) intercropped to improve dryland productivity · 2021
- positive
  Additional organic fertilizer under intercropping increased dryland productivity, with a land equivalent ratio of 2.13.
- positive
  Cassava under intercropping with cattle manure had the highest tuber productivity, 28.40 t/ha.
  compared with intercropping system without compost
- positive
  Cassava grown under intercropping with cattle manure had the largest number of tubers, 6.40 per plant.
Effect of cassava-legume intercropping systems on productivity and cassava insect pests population dynamics across three major agro-climatic zones of Sierra Leone · 2021
- positive
  forage yield was higher with erect cassava intercropped with legumes at 1 m x 1m spacing.
Products of cassava leaves and cutcherry leaves from various compositions of intercropping pattern · 2022
- positive
  Cassava leaf yield was highest under pattern S3, without a significant difference from S2.
  compared with intercropping pattern S2
EFFECT OF CROPPING PATTERN AND BIOMASS RETURN ON N AND C LABILE FRACTIONS AND CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA L.) YIELD AT TYPIC HAPLUDULTS · 2022
- positive
  Intercropping gave higher cassava yield than relay cropping.
  compared with relay cropping
Cassava-cowpea intercropping system for controlling soil erosion in the Northern mountainous areas of Vietnam · 2022
- positive
  Intercropping enhanced cassava growth, yield, harvest index and root dry matter.
Cassava Groundnut Intercropping: A Sustainable Land Management Practice for Increasing Crop Productivity and Organic Carbon Stock on Smallholder Farms · 2023
- positive
  Intercropping raised the benefit-cost ratio by 121% against sole groundnut.
  compared with sole groundnut
- positive
  Intercropping raised the benefit-cost ratio by 13% against sole cassava.
  compared with sole cassava
- negative
  Intercropping lowered cassava fresh root yield by 17% across locations without a significant cropping-system effect.
cites 1 paper here
Cultivation of Cassava (Manihot Esculentus C.) With Selected Legumes for Growth, Yield and Economic Advantages as Climate Change Mitigations · 2023
- positive
  Cassava intercropped with haricot bean increased root yield by 28% compared with cassava intercropped with mung bean (21%) and soybean (18%).
  compared with cassava-mung bean
cites 6 papers here
Measures to Reduce Soil Erosion on Cassava Farms in Central Highlands of Vietnam · 2023
- positive
  Total income remained balanced under intercropping.
- negative
  Intercropping reduced cassava productivity.
Intercropping spatial arrangements affect pest incidence and agronomic aspects of cassava for industrial use · 2024
- positive
  Both intercropping arrangements increased LER.
Optimizing Cassava and Bottle Gourd Intercrop Yields through Varying Plant Densities under the North Delta Conditions · 2025
- positive
  Cassava planted at 2.0 x 1.0 m and intercropped with bottle gourd gave the maximum total land equivalent ratio.
How Do Management Choices Impact the Performance of Cassava‐Legume Intercropping in Africa? A Meta‐Analysis · 2026
- positive
  Legume intercropping benefited cassava yield particularly on coarse-textured soils.
- negative
  Across comparisons, intercropped cassava yielded 16% less than monocropped cassava.
  compared with cassava monocrops
cites 3 papers here

Papers reporting a negative result or no effect 30

Effects of mixture plant populations on the yield of both components in a maize/cassava intercrop · 1981
- no effect
  Cassava yield did not differ significantly between sole and intercrop plots at any tested maize population.
  compared with sole
LAND USE EFFICIENCY, CANOPY DEVELOPMENT, DRY MATTER PRODUCTION AND PLANT NUTRITION OF CASSAVA-GRAIN LEGUME INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS · 1983
- negative
  Intercropping with cowpea or peanut reduced cassava yields by 0 to 35 percent.
- negative
  Intercropping with cowpea or peanut reduced cassava dry matter production by 200 to 600 g m('-2) in both years.
EFECTO DEL HCN Y DE CULTIVOS INTERCALADOS SOBRE DAÑO CAUSADO POR LA "CHINCHE DE LA VIRUELA" Cyrtomerius bergi Froeschner AL CULTIVO DE LA YUCA · 1985
- negative
  Crotalaria intercropping reduced cassava yield by 22%.
Cassava‐Cowpea and Cassava‐Peanut Intercropping. III. Nutrient Concentrations and Removal¹ · 1986
- no effect
  Intercropping had no influence on N, P or K of cassava at later harvest dates.
Cassava‐Cowpea and Cassava‐Peanut Intercropping. I. Yield and Land Use Efficiency]¹ · 1986
- negative
  Intercropping with cowpea or peanut reduced cassava yield by 2.3 to 4.7 Mg ha −1, with a 1982 cowpea exception.
cited by 2 papers here
Cassava‐Cowpea and Cassava‐Peanut Intercropping. II. Leaf Area Index and Dry Matter Accumulation¹ · 1986
- no effect
  End-season dry matter was similar between intercrops and sole cassava.
  compared with sole cropped cassavaNo difference from an alternative treatment
- no effect
  Intercropping generally did not influence final cassava total or storage root dry matter.
Effect of planting dates and growth habits of cassava and cowpea on their yield and compatibility · 1996
- negative
  Cowpea intercropping significantly reduced cassava dry yield and root number.
cited by 1 paper here
Optimum plant populations for okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in a mixture with cassava (Manihot esculenta) and its relevance to rainy season-based cropping systems in south-western Nigeria · 2001
- no effect
  Cassava growth and tuber yield were not significantly affected by intercropping and okra population density.
cited by 1 paper here
Yield stability of cassava, maize, soya bean and cowpea intercrops · 2003
- negative
  Intercropping reduced Gblemoduade cassava tuber yield by 16–49%.
  compared with sole crop
- negative
  Intercropping reduced Ankra cassava tuber yield by 24–64%.
  compared with sole crop
cited by 4 papers here
Evaluation of Forage Legumes for Soil Fertility Improvement in Maize/Cassava Production Systems. · 2003
- negative
  Intercropping cassava with a legume reduced tuber yield by an average of 21%.
Effect of soil amendments, intercropping and planting time in combination on the severity of cassava bacterial blight and yield in two ecozones of West Africa · 2004
- no effect
  Cassava–sorghum intercropping generally did not change root yield in FST relative to monocropping.
  compared with cassava monocroppingNo difference from an alternative treatment
cites 1 paper herecited by 2 papers here
Optimum sowing dates for okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in monoculture and mixture with cassava (Manihot esculenta) during the rainy season in the south-west of Nigeria · 2004
- no effect
  Intercropping did not significantly affect cassava growth or tuber yield.
  compared with monocultureNo difference from an alternative treatment
cited by 2 papers here
Multi-trophic level interactions in a cassava–maize mixed cropping system in the humid tropics of West Africa · 2004
- no effect
  Cassava yield differences between monocropping and intercropping were zero at final harvest.
  compared with mono-
Intercropping and Crop Residue Incorporation: Effects on Soil Nutrient Status · 2006
- negative
  Soybean intercropping without residue incorporation reduced cassava yield by about 16%.
- negative
  Soybean intercropping with residue incorporation reduced cassava yield by about 11%.
Effects of Intercropping and Melon Sowing Date on Crop Growth, Soil Micro-Environment and Rhizosphere Fungi and Bacterial Populations of Maize and Cassava · 2007
- no effect
  Intercropping did not reduce maize or cassava growth and yields.
cites 2 papers here
INFLUENCE OF CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA) INTERCROP ON GROWTH AND FRUIT YIELDS OF PEPPER (CAPSICUM SPP.) IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA · 2007
- no effect
  Cassava tuber yield was not affected by intercropped pepper.
cites 1 paper herecited by 1 paper here
Productivity of cassava/okra intercropping systems as influenced by okra planting density · 2007
- negative
  Intercropping reduced cassava total number of tubers.
- no effect
  Intercropping not affected cassava tuber yield.
cited by 1 paper here
Effect of Cropping System and Mineral Fertilizer on Root Yield of Cassava · 2008
- negative
  Cassava-maize intercrop reduced root yield at Asuansi.
- negative
  Cassava-maize intercrop reduced root yield at Mampong.
Residual Influence of Early Season Crop Fertilization and Cropping System on Growth and Yield of Cassava · 2008
- negative
  Soybean intercropping reduced fresh cassava root yield by 16%.
Mixture productivity of cassava‐based cropping system and food security under humid tropical conditions · 2014
- negative
  Intercropping reduced the number and weight of cassava tubers per plant.
  compared with monocrops
- negative
  Intercropping reduced mean tuber weight and tuber yield of cassava.
  compared with monocrops
cites 2 papers herecited by 1 paper here
Effect of Delayed Cassava Planting on Yields and Economic Returns of a Cassava-Groundnut Intercrop in the Democratic Republic of Congo · 2014
- negative
  Cassava-groundnut intercropping produced lower profits than pure cassava.
  compared with pure cassava
cites 3 papers herecited by 3 papers here
Performances de trois variétés de manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivées en association avec Stylosanthes guianensis (Aublet) Swartz dans les conditions du plateau des Batéké (ville-province de Kinshasa, RDC) · 2014
- negative
  Cassava harvested at 12 months showed yield losses of about 50% in intercropping with Stylo compared with sole cropping.
  compared with sole cropping
An Assessment of Intercropping and Fertilization in Cassava - (Manihot esculenta) Based Systems in the Kolli Hills, South India · 2015
- negative
  Millet intercropping reduced yields at two sites.
Effet des dates de semis sur la performance agronomique de Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. (Cucurbitaceae) et Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae) en culture associée · 2017
- negative
  Intercropping of cucurbit L. siceraria and cassava M. esculenta was not found to be beneficial to the yield of the individual crops.
Productivity of Maize Varieties intercropped with Cassava in Lafia and Makurdi Locations, Southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria · 2018
- negative
  Intercropping reduced cassava plant height, root circumference and root length in both locations.
Intensification options of small holders’ cassava production in South‐west Nigeria · 2020
- negative
  Cowpea intercropping reduced cassava root yield by an average of 2.4 t ha−1 on farms.
- negative
  Cowpea intercropping reduced cassava yield.
Relative time of planting of legumes (cowpea, soybean and groundnut) on weed suppression and yield in cassava cropping system · 2021
- negative
  Late legume introduction decreased cassava yield.
cites 1 paper herecited by 1 paper here
Effect of intercropping on cassava bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis in Togo · 2022
- no effect
  Intercropping had no significant negative effect on cassava root yield.
ICT4Agroecology part I: outcomes for cassava production system · 2023
- no effect
  Legume intercropping did not increase cassava yields at any field station.
cites 1 paper here
Fostering resilience: women and youth leading agroforestry for enhanced food security and poverty alleviation in Dodoma District, Tanzania · 2024
- negative
  Mean cassava yield under agroforestry was 32.1 t/ha versus 36.8 t/ha on land without agroforestry.
  compared with land without agroforestry

A paper is on the positive side when any of its claims here is positive. Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. Claims that compare genotypes are left out; a claim about lacking a nutrient counts the other way round in that nutrient’s question. “Results differ” marks a question where two model reviewers, reading both claims, accepted at least one pair of papers whose results differ.

intercropping · Yield · Manihot esculenta (cassava)

Papers whose results differ, checked claim by claim 1

How these papers cite each other

Papers reporting a positive result 48

Papers reporting a negative result or no effect 30

intercropping on Manihot esculenta (cassava) against other targets

intercropping · yield on other organisms