Abstract
The measurement of the benefits of biological nitrogen (N) fixing properties of soybean in cassava and soybean intercrop was conducted at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka between 2000, 2001 and 2002. Changes in soil nutrient concentration were measured at 0 – 30 cm. The effects of N- fertilization on cassava tuber yield and soil-N were monitored for the three seasons using factorial in randomized complete block design. There was no apparent shading effect during the growth of the two crops. Soybean was harvested 110 days after planting, while cassava was harvested at 4, 8 and 12 months after planting in each year. Cassava tuber yield was highest at intercrop X 60 and intercrop X 45 kg N ha-1 (30.0 and 29.9 t. ha-1) x tuber yield of intercrop X 45 kg N ha-1. The result indicates that 60 kg (90 - 30) of applied nitrogen could be spared per hectare by intercropping cassava with soybean due to soybean nitrogen fixation. Grain yield of soybean may not be compromised by intercropping with cassava. Soil - N increased from 0.042 mg kg-1 before the experiment to 0.168 mg kg-1 in sole soybean system and 0.086 mg kg-1 in intercrop system at 8 months after planting and 0.150 mg kg-1 in the sole soybean and 0.085 kg mg-1 in intercrop system in 12 months after planting. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) of 2.3 and Area × Time Equivalent Ratio (ATER) of 1.8 were obtained at 45 kg N ha-1 in the intercrop system. Key words: Soybean, nitrogen fixation, cassava, intercrop.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Cassava tuber yield was highest at intercrop X 60 and intercrop X 45 kg N ha-1, at 30.0 and 29.9 t/ha.
- Taxon
- cassava
Manihot esculentat0 - Treatment
- intercrop X 60 and intercrop X 45 kg N ha-1e1
- Outcome
- Cassava tuber yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 30.0 and 29.9 t. ha-1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Measuring the benefits of biological nitrogen fixation of soybean (Glycine max (l.) Merrill) in cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) and soybean intercrop”
e1“Cassava tuber yield was highest at intercrop X 60 and intercrop X 45 kg N ha-1 (30.0 and 29.9 t. ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping cassava with soybean could spare 60 kg of applied nitrogen per hectare.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- intercropping cassava with soybeane2
- Outcome
- applied nitrogene2
- Direction
- sparede2
- Value
- 60 kge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Measuring the benefits of biological nitrogen fixation of soybean (Glycine max (l.) Merrill) in cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) and soybean intercrop”
e2“The result indicates that 60 kg (90 - 30) of applied nitrogen could be spared per hectare by intercropping cassava with soybean due to soybean nitrogen fixation”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping with cassava may not compromise soybean grain yield.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- intercropping with cassavae3
- Outcome
- Grain yielde3
- Direction
- may not be compromisede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Measuring the benefits of biological nitrogen fixation of soybean (Glycine max (l.) Merrill) in cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) and soybean intercrop”
e3“Grain yield of soybean may not be compromised by intercropping with cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
In sole soybean, soil N increased to 0.168 mg/kg at 8 months after planting.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- sole soybean systeme4
- Outcome
- Soil - Ne4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 0.168 mg kg-1e4
- Qualifier
- at 8 months after plantinge4
- Comparator
- before the experimente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Measuring the benefits of biological nitrogen fixation of soybean (Glycine max (l.) Merrill) in cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) and soybean intercrop”
e4“Soil - N increased from 0.042 mg kg-1 before the experiment to 0.168 mg kg-1 in sole soybean system and 0.086 mg kg-1 in intercrop system at 8 months after planting and 0.150 mg kg-1 in the sole soybean and 0.085 kg mg-1 in intercrop system in 12 months after planting”
Claim · model-written summary
In the intercrop system, soil N increased to 0.086 mg/kg at 8 months after planting.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- intercrop systeme4
- Outcome
- Soil - Ne4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 0.086 mg kg-1e4
- Qualifier
- at 8 months after plantinge4
- Comparator
- before the experimente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Measuring the benefits of biological nitrogen fixation of soybean (Glycine max (l.) Merrill) in cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) and soybean intercrop”
e4“Soil - N increased from 0.042 mg kg-1 before the experiment to 0.168 mg kg-1 in sole soybean system and 0.086 mg kg-1 in intercrop system at 8 months after planting and 0.150 mg kg-1 in the sole soybean and 0.085 kg mg-1 in intercrop system in 12 months after planting”
Claim · model-written summary
In sole soybean, soil N was 0.150 mg/kg at 12 months after planting.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- sole soybeane4
- Outcome
- Soil - Ne4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 0.150 mg kg-1e4
- Qualifier
- in 12 months after plantinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Measuring the benefits of biological nitrogen fixation of soybean (Glycine max (l.) Merrill) in cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) and soybean intercrop”
e4“Soil - N increased from 0.042 mg kg-1 before the experiment to 0.168 mg kg-1 in sole soybean system and 0.086 mg kg-1 in intercrop system at 8 months after planting and 0.150 mg kg-1 in the sole soybean and 0.085 kg mg-1 in intercrop system in 12 months after planting”
Claim · model-written summary
In the intercrop system, soil N was 0.085 mg/kg at 12 months after planting.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- intercrop systeme4
- Outcome
- Soil - Ne4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 0.085 kg mg-1e4
- Qualifier
- in 12 months after plantinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Measuring the benefits of biological nitrogen fixation of soybean (Glycine max (l.) Merrill) in cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) and soybean intercrop”
e4“Soil - N increased from 0.042 mg kg-1 before the experiment to 0.168 mg kg-1 in sole soybean system and 0.086 mg kg-1 in intercrop system at 8 months after planting and 0.150 mg kg-1 in the sole soybean and 0.085 kg mg-1 in intercrop system in 12 months after planting”
Claim · model-written summary
The land equivalent ratio of the intercrop system at 45 kg N ha-1 was 2.3.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- 45 kg N ha-1e5
- Outcome
- land equivalent ratio (LER)e5
- Value
- 2.3e5
- Setting
- intercrop systeme5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Measuring the benefits of biological nitrogen fixation of soybean (Glycine max (l.) Merrill) in cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) and soybean intercrop”
e5“The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) of 2.3 and Area × Time Equivalent Ratio (ATER) of 1.8 were obtained at 45 kg N ha-1 in the intercrop system”
Claim · model-written summary
The area-time equivalent ratio of the intercrop system at 45 kg N ha-1 was 1.8.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- 45 kg N ha-1e5
- Outcome
- Area × Time Equivalent Ratio (ATER)e5
- Value
- 1.8e5
- Setting
- intercrop systeme5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Measuring the benefits of biological nitrogen fixation of soybean (Glycine max (l.) Merrill) in cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) and soybean intercrop”
e5“The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) of 2.3 and Area × Time Equivalent Ratio (ATER) of 1.8 were obtained at 45 kg N ha-1 in the intercrop system”
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