Abstract
BACKGROUND: Avocado is affected by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose. Antagonistic microorganisms against C. gloeosporioides represent an alternative for biological control. Accordingly, in the present study, we focused on the isolation and characterization of potential antagonist bacteria against a member of the C. gloeosporioides species complex with respect to their possible future application. RESULTS: Samples of avocado rhizospheric soil were aquired from an orchard located in Ocuituco, Morelos, Mexico, aiming to obtain bacterial isolates with potential antifungal activity. From the soil samples, 136 bacteria were isolated and they were then challenged against a member of the C. gloeosporioides species complex; only three bacterial isolates A1, A2 and A3 significantly diminished mycelial fungal growth by 75%, 70% and 60%, respectively. Two of these isolates were identified by 16S rRNA as Bacillus mycoides (A1 and A2) and the third was identified as Bacillus tequilensis (A3). Bacillus mycoides bacterial cell-free supernatant reduced the mycelial growth of a member of the C. gloeosporioides species complex isolated from avocado by 65%, whereas Bacillus tequilensis A3 supernatant did so by 25% after 3 days post inoculation. Bacillus tequilensis mycoides A1 was a producer of proteases, indolacetic acid and siderophores. Preventive treatment using a cell-free supernatant of B. mycoides A1 diminished the severity of anthracnose disease (41.9%) on avocado fruit. CONCLUSION: These results reveal the possibility of using B. mycoides A1 as a potential biological control agent. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Samples from avocado rhizospheric soil yielded 136 bacteria.
- Taxon
- avocado
Persea americanat0 - Outcome
- bacteriae7
- Value
- 136e7
- Setting
- Ocuituco, Morelos, Mexicoe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in avocado”
e7“From the soil samples, 136 bacteria were isolated”
e6“Samples of avocado rhizospheric soil were aquired from an orchard located in Ocuituco, Morelos, Mexico”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolate A1 significantly diminished mycelial growth of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex member by 75%.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- bacterial isolates A1e1
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Colletotrichum gloeosporioidese0pathogen - Second interactor
- bacterial isolates A1e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mycelial fungal growthe1
- Direction
- diminishede1
- Value
- 75%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in avocado”
e0“Avocado is affected by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose”
e1“only three bacterial isolates A1, A2 and A3 significantly diminished mycelial fungal growth by 75%, 70% and 60%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolate A2 significantly diminished mycelial growth of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex member by 70%.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- A2e1
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese0pathogen
- Second interactor
- A2e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mycelial fungal growthe1
- Direction
- diminishede1
- Value
- 70%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in avocado”
e0“Avocado is affected by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose”
e1“only three bacterial isolates A1, A2 and A3 significantly diminished mycelial fungal growth by 75%, 70% and 60%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolate A3 significantly diminished mycelial growth of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex member by 60%.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- A3e1
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese0pathogen
- Second interactor
- A3e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mycelial fungal growthe1
- Direction
- diminishede1
- Value
- 60%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in avocado”
e0“Avocado is affected by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose”
e1“only three bacterial isolates A1, A2 and A3 significantly diminished mycelial fungal growth by 75%, 70% and 60%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus mycoides cell-free supernatant reduced mycelial growth of the C. gloeosporioides complex member isolated from avocado by 65%.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- Bacillus mycoides bacterial cell-free supernatante2
- Interactor
- C. gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus mycoides
Bacillus mycoidese2biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- mycelial growthe2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 65%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in avocado”
e2“Bacillus mycoides bacterial cell-free supernatant reduced the mycelial growth of a member of the C. gloeosporioides species complex isolated from avocado by 65%”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus tequilensis A3 supernatant reduced mycelial growth of the C. gloeosporioides complex member by 25% after 3 days.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- Bacillus tequilensis A3 supernatante3
- Interactor
- C. gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus tequilensis A3Bacillus tequilensise3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mycelial growthe2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Value
- 25%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in avocado”
e2“Bacillus mycoides bacterial cell-free supernatant reduced the mycelial growth of a member of the C. gloeosporioides species complex isolated from avocado by 65%”
e3“Bacillus tequilensis A3 supernatant did so by 25% after 3 days post inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Preventive treatment with a B. mycoides A1 cell-free supernatant diminished anthracnose severity on avocado fruit by 41.9%.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- Preventive treatment using a cell-free supernatante4
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. mycoides A1Bacillus mycoidese4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- severity of anthracnose diseasee4
- Direction
- diminishede4
- Value
- 41.9%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in avocado”
e0“Avocado is affected by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose”
e4“Preventive treatment using a cell-free supernatant of B. mycoides A1 diminished the severity of anthracnose disease (41.9%) on avocado fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus tequilensis mycoides A1 produced proteases, indolacetic acid and siderophores.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Outcome
- proteases, indolacetic acid and siderophorese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in avocado”
e5“Bacillus tequilensis mycoides A1 was a producer of proteases, indolacetic acid and siderophores”
Claim · model-written summary
B. mycoides A1 is a potential biological control agent for avocado anthracnose.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Outcome
- potential biological control agente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in avocado”
e6“These results reveal the possibility of using B. mycoides A1 as a potential biological control agent”
The same questions in other papers
pathogen product · Colletotrichum gloeosporioides · Persea americana (avocado)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
inoculation · Colletotrichum gloeosporioides · Persea americana (avocado)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.