Abstract
Siderophores are iron-chelating secondary metabolites that can effectively control fungal diseases in several agronomically important crops. In the present study, the bacterium Burkholderia contaminans MSR2 was found to profusely accumulate siderophores when grown under iron-limiting conditions. Therefore, subsequent experimental procedures were performed to determine whether the siderophore-rich supernatants of B. contaminans MSR2 were effective against anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in post-harvest avocado fruits. Dual culture assays performed in vitro showed that B. contaminans MSR2 produced an approximate 25% reduction in the radial mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides. Moreover, cell-free supernatants (CFSs) with a siderophore concentration of 58.08 mM deferoxamine mesylate equivalent caused a 78% reduction of C. gloeosporioides growth under in vitro conditions. In avocado fruits, siderophore-rich CFSs significantly reduced the severity and incidence of post-harvest anthracnose disease, similar to the effect produced by the Captan 4L fungicide (2-(trichloromethylsulfanyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydroisoindole-1,3-dione) at 2 g/L. Untargeted metabolomic analyses of B. contaminans CFSs obtained under iron-limited conditions revealed the predominant accumulation of the ornibactin C8 and pyochelin siderophores, in addition to numerous other antimicrobial compounds, including secondary siderophores and further biological compounds known to have fungitoxic activity. These results support the proposal that siderophore-rich bioactive CFSs from B. contaminans MSR2 can be effectively employed for biological control of post-harvest anthracnose in avocado fruits. KEY POINTS: • B. contaminans MSR2 cell-free supernatants (CFSs) inhibited C. gloeosporioides'growth. • CFSs and Captan similarly reduced post-harvest anthracnose damage in avocado fruits. • Pyochelin, pyochelin-like, ornibactin C8, and tetrapeptide siderophores were prominent anti-anthracnose CFSs.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Under iron limitation, Burkholderia contaminans MSR2 accumulated siderophores.
- Taxon
- avocado
Persea americanat0 - Interactor
- Burkholderia contaminans MSR2Burkholderia contaminanse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- accumulate siderophorese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“avocado”
e1“Burkholderia contaminans MSR2 was found to profusely accumulate siderophores when grown under iron-limiting conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Burkholderia contaminans MSR2 reduced Colletotrichum radial mycelial growth about 25% in vitro.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- B. contaminans MSR2e2
- Interactor
- C. gloeosporioides
Colletotrichum gloeosporioidese2pathogen - Second interactor
- B. contaminans MSR2Burkholderia contaminanse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- radial mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioidese2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 25%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“avocado”
e2“B. contaminans MSR2 produced an approximate 25% reduction in the radial mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides”
Claim · model-written summary
Siderophore-rich cell-free supernatants reduced Colletotrichum growth 78% in vitro.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- cell-free supernatants (CFSs)e3
- Interactor
- C. gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese3pathogen
- Outcome
- C. gloeosporioides growthe3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- 78%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“avocado”
e3“cell-free supernatants (CFSs) with a siderophore concentration of 58.08 mM deferoxamine mesylate equivalent caused a 78% reduction of C. gloeosporioides growth under in vitro conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Supernatants significantly reduced postharvest anthracnose severity and incidence in avocado, comparably to Captan.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- siderophore-rich CFSse4
- Outcome
- severity and incidence of post-harvest anthracnose diseasee4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Comparator
- Captan 4L fungicidee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“avocado”
e4“In avocado fruits, siderophore-rich CFSs significantly reduced the severity and incidence of post-harvest anthracnose disease, similar to the effect produced by the Captan 4L fungicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron-limited Burkholderia supernatants predominantly contained ornibactin C8 and pyochelin plus other antimicrobial compounds.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Interactor
- B. contaminansBurkholderia contaminanse5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- ornibactin C8 and pyochelin siderophorese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“avocado”
e5“Untargeted metabolomic analyses of B. contaminans CFSs obtained under iron-limited conditions revealed the predominant accumulation of the ornibactin C8 and pyochelin siderophores, in addition to numerous other antimicrobial compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose siderophore-rich supernatants as biological control for avocado anthracnose.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Interactor
- B. contaminans MSR2Burkholderia contaminanse6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- biological control of post-harvest anthracnosee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“avocado”
e6“siderophore-rich bioactive CFSs from B. contaminans MSR2 can be effectively employed for biological control of post-harvest anthracnose in avocado fruits”
The same questions in other papers
pathogen product · Colletotrichum gloeosporioides · Persea americana (avocado)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.