Paper · 2020 · PLoS ONE

Dynamic changes in bacterial communities in the recirculating nutrient solution of cucumber plug seedlings cultivated in an ebb-and-flow subirrigation system

Chun-Juan Dong; Qian Li; Ling-Ling Wang; et al.

14
claims
33
verbatim quotes
14
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Ebb-and-flow subirrigation systems are highly efficient, water-saving and environmentally friendly. However, one concern with these recirculating systems is the possible transmission of plant pathogens. Here, through 16S rRNA-targeted Illumina sequencing, the bacterial dynamics in a recirculating nutrient solution were characterized for cucumber plug seedlings cultivated in an ebb-and-flow system in summer and winter. Both the bacterial number and diversity in the nutrient solution increased immediately after the first irrigation cycle; then, these values were gradually stable with recirculating irrigation. In summer and winter, different bacterial compositions and changing patterns were observed. In summer, the predominant genera in the nutrient solution included Comamonas, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Reyranella, Sphingobium, Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas, and Acidovorax. Of those genera, during recirculating irrigation, the relative abundance of Bradyrhizobium gradually decreased, whereas those of Pseudomonas, Reyranella, Sphingobium, Sphingomonas, and Acidovorax gradually increased. In winter, the bacterial communities were mainly composed of Nevskia, Bosea, Sphingobium, Acidovorax, Pseudomonas, and Hydrocarboniphaga. Of those genera, the relative abundance of Bosea, Sphingobium, and Acidovorax showed an increasing trend, whereas those of Nevskia and Hydrocarboniphaga decreased overall. Furthermore, in both summer and winter, no plant pathogenic bacteria on cucumber could be detected; however, some potentially beneficial bacteria, including Comamonas testosteroni, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. koreensis and Sphingobium yanoikuyae, colonized the nutrient solution and exhibited increased relative abundances during irrigation. The colonization of these bacteria might facilitate the plant growth promotion. Inoculation of the microbes from the effluent nutrient solution also promoted the growth of cucumber seedlings, but did not lead to any disease. The present data elucidate the bacterial dynamics in a cucumber cultivation ebb-and-flow system and provide useful information for biological control during cucumber seedling production.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 14

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bacterial number and diversity in the nutrient solution increased after the first irrigation cycle.

Taxon
cucumber plug seedlingst0
Treatment
first irrigation cyclee0
Outcome
bacterial number and diversity in the nutrient solutione0
Direction
increasede0

Verbatim

t0

“cucumber plug seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–106 · show in text ↑
e0

“Both the bacterial number and diversity in the nutrient solution increased immediately after the first irrigation cycle”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 422–541 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bacterial number and diversity in the nutrient solution became gradually stable with recirculating irrigation.

Taxon
cucumber plug seedlingst0
Treatment
recirculating irrigatione1
Outcome
bacterial number and diversitye0
Direction
gradually stablee1

Verbatim

t0

“cucumber plug seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–106 · show in text ↑
e0

“Both the bacterial number and diversity in the nutrient solution increased immediately after the first irrigation cycle”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 422–541 · show in text ↑
e1

“then, these values were gradually stable with recirculating irrigation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 543–613 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Summer and winter showed different bacterial compositions and changing patterns in the nutrient solution.

Taxon
cucumber plug seedlingst0
Outcome
bacterial compositions and changing patternse2
Setting
summer and wintere2

Verbatim

t0

“cucumber plug seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–106 · show in text ↑
e2

“In summer and winter, different bacterial compositions and changing patterns were observed”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 615–705 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The relative abundance of Bradyrhizobium gradually decreased during recirculating irrigation in summer.

Taxon
cucumber plug seedlingst0
Interactor
BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume3other
Outcome
relative abundance of Bradyrhizobiume3
Direction
gradually decreasede3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Bradyrhizobium
Bradyrhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Louisa Howard - Dartmouth Electron Microscope Facility · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“cucumber plug seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–106 · show in text ↑
e3

“the relative abundance of Bradyrhizobium gradually decreased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 935–995 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pseudomonas, Reyranella and Sphingobium gradually increased in relative abundance in summer.

Taxon
cucumber plug seedlingst0
Interactor
PseudomonasPseudomonase4other
Second interactor
ReyranellaReyranellae4other
Outcome
those of Pseudomonas, Reyranella, Sphingobiume4
Direction
gradually increasede4
Setting
summere2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)CDC · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“cucumber plug seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–106 · show in text ↑
e4

“whereas those of Pseudomonas, Reyranella, Sphingobium, Sphingomonas, and Acidovorax gradually increased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 997–1100 · show in text ↑
e2

“In summer and winter, different bacterial compositions and changing patterns were observed”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 615–705 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sphingomonas and Acidovorax gradually increased in relative abundance in summer.

Taxon
cucumber plug seedlingst0
Interactor
SphingomonasSphingomonase4other
Second interactor
AcidovoraxAcidovoraxe4other
Outcome
Sphingomonas, and Acidovoraxe4
Direction
gradually increasede4
Setting
summere2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sphingomonas
Sphingomonas · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alan Rockefeller · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Acidovorax
Acidovorax · Second interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Shanmugam Mayilraj · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“cucumber plug seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–106 · show in text ↑
e4

“whereas those of Pseudomonas, Reyranella, Sphingobium, Sphingomonas, and Acidovorax gradually increased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 997–1100 · show in text ↑
e2

“In summer and winter, different bacterial compositions and changing patterns were observed”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 615–705 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bosea, Sphingobium and Acidovorax showed an increasing trend in relative abundance in winter.

Taxon
cucumber plug seedlingst0
Interactor
BoseaBoseae5other
Second interactor
SphingobiumSphingobiume5other
Outcome
relative abundance of Bosea, Sphingobium, and Acidovoraxe5
Direction
increasing trende5
Setting
wintere2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Bosea
Bosea · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Marianne Perdomo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Sphingobium
Sphingobium · Second interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Raafekie · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“cucumber plug seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–106 · show in text ↑
e5

“the relative abundance of Bosea, Sphingobium, and Acidovorax showed an increasing trend, whereas those of Nevskia and Hydrocarboniphaga decreased overall”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1257–1410 · show in text ↑
e2

“In summer and winter, different bacterial compositions and changing patterns were observed”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 615–705 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nevskia and Hydrocarboniphaga decreased overall in relative abundance in winter.

Taxon
cucumber plug seedlingst0
Interactor
NevskiaNevskiae5other
Second interactor
HydrocarboniphagaHydrocarboniphagae5other
Outcome
those of Nevskia and Hydrocarboniphagae5
Direction
decreased overalle5
Setting
wintere2

Verbatim

t0

“cucumber plug seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–106 · show in text ↑
e5

“the relative abundance of Bosea, Sphingobium, and Acidovorax showed an increasing trend, whereas those of Nevskia and Hydrocarboniphaga decreased overall”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1257–1410 · show in text ↑
e2

“In summer and winter, different bacterial compositions and changing patterns were observed”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 615–705 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

No plant pathogenic bacteria on cucumber could be detected in the nutrient solution in summer or winter.

Taxon
cucumberCucumis sativuse6
Interactor
plant pathogenic bacteriae6pathogen
Outcome
plant pathogenic bacteriae6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cucumis sativus
Cucumis sativus · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“cucumber plug seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–106 · show in text ↑
e6

“no plant pathogenic bacteria on cucumber could be detected”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1452–1510 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Comamonas testosteroni, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased in relative abundance during irrigation.

Taxon
cucumber plug seedlingst0
Interactor
Comamonas testosteroniComamonas testosteronie7other
Second interactor
Acinetobacter baumanniiAcinetobacter baumanniie7other
Outcome
increased relative abundancese7
Direction
increasede7
Qualifier
Pseudomonas aeruginosae7

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Comamonas testosteroni
Comamonas testosteroni · InteractorAgricultural Research Service (NRRL)Culture Collection · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Acinetobacter baumannii
Acinetobacter baumannii · Second interactorPhoto Credit: Janice Carr · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“cucumber plug seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–106 · show in text ↑
e7

“some potentially beneficial bacteria, including Comamonas testosteroni, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. koreensis and Sphingobium yanoikuyae, colonized the nutrient solution and exhibited increased relative abundances during irrigation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1521–1776 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

P. koreensis and Sphingobium yanoikuyae increased in relative abundance during irrigation.

Taxon
cucumber plug seedlingst0
Interactor
P. koreensisPseudomonas koreensise7other
Second interactor
Sphingobium yanoikuyaeSphingobium yanoikuyaee7other
Outcome
increased relative abundancese7
Direction
increasede7

Verbatim

t0

“cucumber plug seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–106 · show in text ↑
e7

“some potentially beneficial bacteria, including Comamonas testosteroni, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. koreensis and Sphingobium yanoikuyae, colonized the nutrient solution and exhibited increased relative abundances during irrigation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1521–1776 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Inoculation with microbes from the effluent nutrient solution promoted growth of cucumber seedlings.

Taxon
cucumberCucumis sativuse7
Treatment
Inoculation of the microbes from the effluent nutrient solutione7
Outcome
growth of cucumber seedlingse7
Direction
promotede7

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cucumis sativus
Cucumis sativus · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“cucumber plug seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–106 · show in text ↑
e7

“Inoculation of the microbes from the effluent nutrient solution also promoted the growth of cucumber seedlings, but did not lead to any disease”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1858–2001 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Inoculation with microbes from the effluent nutrient solution did not lead to any disease in cucumber.

Taxon
cucumberCucumis sativuse7
Treatment
Inoculation of the microbes from the effluent nutrient solutione7
Outcome
diseasee7
Direction
did not lead toe7

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cucumis sativus
Cucumis sativus · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“cucumber plug seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–106 · show in text ↑
e7

“Inoculation of the microbes from the effluent nutrient solution also promoted the growth of cucumber seedlings, but did not lead to any disease”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1858–2001 · show in text ↑
Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Colonization by these bacteria might facilitate cucumber plant growth promotion.

Taxon
cucumber plug seedlingst0
Outcome
plant growth promotione7
Qualifier
The colonization of these bacteria might facilitatee7

Verbatim

t0

“cucumber plug seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–106 · show in text ↑
e7

“The colonization of these bacteria might facilitate the plant growth promotion”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1778–1856 · show in text ↑

fertilization · disease · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results

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inoculation · disease · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results

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inoculation · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results

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fertilization · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results

202 papers: 179 positive, 23 negative or no effect

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  1. negative
  2. negative
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.