Abstract
We examined the effects of vermicompost application as a basal fertilizer on the properties of a sandy loam soil used for growing cucumbers under continuous cropping conditions when compared to inorganic or organic fertilizers. A commercial cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) variety was grown on sandy loam soil under four soil amendment conditions: inorganic compound fertilizer (750 kg/ha,), replacement of 150 kg/ha of inorganic compound fertilizer with 3000 kg/ha of organic fertilizer or vermicompost, and untreated control. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse for 4 years, and continuous planting resulted in seven cucumber crops. The yield and quality of cucumber fruits, basic physical and chemical properties of soil, soil nutrient characteristics, and the soil fungal community structure were measured and evaluated. Continuous cucumber cropping decreased soil pH and increased electrical conductivity. However, application of vermicompost significantly improved several soil characteristics and induced a significant change in the rhizosphere soil fungal community compared to the other treatments. Notably, the vermicompost amendments resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of Ascomycota , Chytridiomycota , Sordariomycetes , Eurotiomycetes , and Saccharomycetes , and a decrease in Glomeromycota , Zygomycota , Dothideomycetes , Agaricomycetes , and Incertae sedis . Compared to the organic fertilizer treatment, vermicompost amendment increased the relative abundance of beneficial fungi and decreased those of pathogenic fungi. Cucumber fruit yield decreased yearly under continuous cropping conditions, but both inorganic and organic fertilizer amendments increased yields. Vermicompost amendment maintained higher fruit yield and quality under continuous cropping conditions. Continuous cropping decreased cucumber yield in a greenhouse, but basic fertilizer amendment reduced this decline. Moreover, basal fertilizer amendment decreased beneficial and pathogenic fungi, and the use of vermicompost amendment in the basic fertilizer had a positive effect on the health of the soil fungal community.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost significantly improved several soil characteristics compared with the other treatments.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse1 - Treatment
- vermicomposte3
- Outcome
- several soil characteristicse3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Comparator
- other treatmentse3
- Setting
- greenhousee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A commercial cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) variety was grown on sandy loam soil”
e2“Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse for 4 years”
e3“application of vermicompost significantly improved several soil characteristics and induced a significant change in the rhizosphere soil fungal community compared to the other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost induced a significant change in the rhizosphere soil fungal community compared with the other treatments.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- vermicomposte3
- Outcome
- rhizosphere soil fungal communitye3
- Comparator
- other treatmentse3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A commercial cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) variety was grown on sandy loam soil”
e3“application of vermicompost significantly improved several soil characteristics and induced a significant change in the rhizosphere soil fungal community compared to the other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost amendments increased the relative abundance of Ascomycota, Chytridiomycota and Sordariomycetes.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- vermicompost amendmentse4
- Outcome
- relative abundance of Ascomycota , Chytridiomycota , Sordariomycetese4
- Direction
- increasee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A commercial cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) variety was grown on sandy loam soil”
e4“the vermicompost amendments resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of Ascomycota , Chytridiomycota , Sordariomycetes , Eurotiomycetes , and Saccharomycetes”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost amendments increased the relative abundance of Eurotiomycetes and Saccharomycetes.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- vermicompost amendmentse4
- Outcome
- Eurotiomycetes , and Saccharomycetese4
- Direction
- increasee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A commercial cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) variety was grown on sandy loam soil”
e4“the vermicompost amendments resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of Ascomycota , Chytridiomycota , Sordariomycetes , Eurotiomycetes , and Saccharomycetes”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost amendments decreased the relative abundance of Glomeromycota, Zygomycota and Dothideomycetes.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- vermicompost amendmentse4
- Outcome
- Glomeromycota , Zygomycota , Dothideomycetese5
- Direction
- decreasee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A commercial cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) variety was grown on sandy loam soil”
e4“the vermicompost amendments resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of Ascomycota , Chytridiomycota , Sordariomycetes , Eurotiomycetes , and Saccharomycetes”
e5“and a decrease in Glomeromycota , Zygomycota , Dothideomycetes , Agaricomycetes , and Incertae sedis”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost amendments decreased the relative abundance of Agaricomycetes and Incertae sedis.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- vermicompost amendmentse4
- Outcome
- Agaricomycetes , and Incertae sedise5
- Direction
- decreasee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A commercial cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) variety was grown on sandy loam soil”
e4“the vermicompost amendments resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of Ascomycota , Chytridiomycota , Sordariomycetes , Eurotiomycetes , and Saccharomycetes”
e5“and a decrease in Glomeromycota , Zygomycota , Dothideomycetes , Agaricomycetes , and Incertae sedis”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost increased the relative abundance of beneficial fungi compared with the organic fertilizer treatment.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- vermicompost amendmente5
- Outcome
- relative abundance of beneficial fungie5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- organic fertilizer treatmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A commercial cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) variety was grown on sandy loam soil”
e5“Compared to the organic fertilizer treatment, vermicompost amendment increased the relative abundance of beneficial fungi and decreased those of pathogenic fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost decreased pathogenic fungi compared with the organic fertilizer treatment.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- vermicompost amendmente5
- Outcome
- pathogenic fungie5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Comparator
- organic fertilizer treatmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A commercial cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) variety was grown on sandy loam soil”
e5“Compared to the organic fertilizer treatment, vermicompost amendment increased the relative abundance of beneficial fungi and decreased those of pathogenic fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Cucumber fruit yield decreased under continuous cropping.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- continuous cropping conditionse6
- Outcome
- Cucumber fruit yielde6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A commercial cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) variety was grown on sandy loam soil”
e6“Cucumber fruit yield decreased yearly under continuous cropping conditions, but both inorganic and organic fertilizer amendments increased yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganic and organic fertilizer amendments both increased cucumber yield.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- inorganic and organic fertilizer amendmentse6
- Outcome
- yieldse6
- Direction
- increasede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A commercial cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) variety was grown on sandy loam soil”
e6“Cucumber fruit yield decreased yearly under continuous cropping conditions, but both inorganic and organic fertilizer amendments increased yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost amendment maintained higher fruit yield and quality under continuous cropping.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- Vermicompost amendmente7
- Outcome
- fruit yield and qualitye7
- Direction
- highere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A commercial cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) variety was grown on sandy loam soil”
e7“Vermicompost amendment maintained higher fruit yield and quality under continuous cropping conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Basic fertilizer amendment reduced the yield decline under continuous cropping.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- basic fertilizer amendmente2
- Outcome
- declinee2
- Direction
- reducede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A commercial cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) variety was grown on sandy loam soil”
e2“Continuous cropping decreased cucumber yield in a greenhouse, but basic fertilizer amendment reduced this decline”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal fertilizer amendment decreased both beneficial and pathogenic fungi.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- basal fertilizer amendmente2
- Outcome
- beneficial and pathogenic fungie2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A commercial cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) variety was grown on sandy loam soil”
e2“basal fertilizer amendment decreased beneficial and pathogenic fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost in the basic fertilizer had a positive effect on the health of the soil fungal community.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- vermicompost amendment in the basic fertilizere2
- Outcome
- health of the soil fungal communitye2
- Direction
- positive effecte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A commercial cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) variety was grown on sandy loam soil”
e2“the use of vermicompost amendment in the basic fertilizer had a positive effect on the health of the soil fungal community”
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