Abstract
Grafting technology is increasingly being accepted in the United States, particularly for tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) production under protected structures. There is a great potential to expand this technology to other high tunnel crops. Using grafting technology in cucumber ( Cucumis sativus ) production is widely adopted in Asia to enhance cucumbers’ tolerance to low temperatures. But this technique is rarely used in the United States mainly because of the lack of information on the performance of the grafted plants under local production systems. Figleaf gourd ( Cucurbita ficifolia ), Cucurbita moschata , and squash interspecific hybrid ( Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata ) are the most used cucumber rootstocks worldwide. But their comparative performance was largely unknown for cucumber production in high tunnels in the Midwest United States. This study was therefore designed to compare the major types of cucumber rootstocks with the goal of identifying a rootstock with the maximized benefits for high tunnel cucumber production in the area. Nongrafted ‘Socrates’ and ‘Socrates’ grafted with Cucurbita moschata , squash interspecific hybrid, and figleaf gourd rootstocks were evaluated in high tunnels from March to June or July in 2016–19 at the Southwest Purdue Agricultural Center in Vincennes, IN. Transplant establishment, vine growth, and yield in early- and main-crop seasons were investigated. Grafted plants regardless of rootstocks ensured transplant survival even when the soil temperatures were dropped below 10 °C. Suboptimal soil conditions were encountered in the first month after transplanting. Grafted cucumbers with squash interspecific hybrid rootstock significantly increased vine growth from March to April and increased early-season yields (yield before 15 May) by 1.8 to 18.2 times compared with the early-season yields of the nongrafted cucumbers. The benefits provided by using grafting technology dismissed around middle May. Only squash interspecific hybrid rootstock improved cucumber yields in the entire production seasons. Cucumbers grafted with figleaf gourd rootstock had the lowest yield and the least plant growth after mid-May, indicating figleaf gourd rootstock may not be suitable for cucumber production under the current production system. Overall, squash interspecific hybrid was the most promising rootstock for early-season high tunnel cucumber production in the Midwest United States.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting ensured transplant survival below 10 °C regardless of rootstock.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Grafted plants regardless of rootstocks ensured transplant survival even when the soil temperatures were dropped below 10 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
Squash interspecific hybrid rootstock significantly increased vine growth from March to April.
- Taxon
- cucumbers
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- squash interspecific hybrid rootstocke0
- Outcome
- vine growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- from March to Aprile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grafted cucumbers with squash interspecific hybrid rootstock significantly increased vine growth from March to April”
Claim · model-written summary
Squash hybrid rootstock increased early yield by 1.8 to 18.2 times over nongrafted cucumbers.
- Taxon
- cucumbersCucumis sativuse0
- Outcome
- early-season yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.8 to 18.2 timese0
- Qualifier
- yield before 15 Maye0
- Comparator
- nongrafted cucumberse0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased early-season yields (yield before 15 May) by 1.8 to 18.2 times compared with the early-season yields of the nongrafted cucumbers”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting benefits ended around mid-May.
- Outcome
- benefits provided by using grafting technologye0
- Direction
- dismissede0
- Qualifier
- around middle Maye0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The benefits provided by using grafting technology dismissed around middle May”
Claim · model-written summary
Only the squash hybrid rootstock improved yield across entire production seasons.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- squash interspecific hybrid rootstocke0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- entire production seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only squash interspecific hybrid rootstock improved cucumber yields in the entire production seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Figleaf gourd rootstock gave the lowest cucumber yield after mid-May.
- Taxon
- CucumbersCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- figleaf gourd rootstocke0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- after mid-Maye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumbers grafted with figleaf gourd rootstock had the lowest yield and the least plant growth after mid-May”
Claim · model-written summary
Figleaf gourd rootstock gave the least cucumber growth after mid-May.
- Taxon
- CucumbersCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- figleaf gourd rootstocke0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Qualifier
- after mid-Maye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumbers grafted with figleaf gourd rootstock had the lowest yield and the least plant growth after mid-May”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judged squash interspecific hybrid the most promising rootstock for early-season tunnel production in the Midwest.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- squash interspecific hybride0
- Outcome
- most promising rootstocke0
- Setting
- Midwest United Statese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, squash interspecific hybrid was the most promising rootstock for early-season high tunnel cucumber production in the Midwest United States”
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