Abstract
Peptides are important regulators that participate in the modulation of almost every physiological event in plants, including defense. Recently, many of these peptides have been described as defense elicitors, termed phytocytokines, that are released upon pest or pathogen attack, triggering an amplification of plant defenses. However, little is known about peptides sensing and inducing resistance activities in heterologous plants. In the present study, exogenous peptides from solanaceous species, Systemins and HypSys, are sensed and induce resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina in the taxonomically distant species Arabidopsis thaliana. Surprisingly, other peptides from closer taxonomic clades have very little or no effect on plant protection. In vitro bioassays showed that the studied peptides do not have direct antifungal activities, suggesting that they protect the plant through the promotion of the plant immune system. Interestingly, tomato Systemin was able to induce resistance at very low concentrations (0.1 and 1 nM) and displays a maximum threshold being ineffective above at higher concentrations. Here, we show evidence of the possible involvement of the JA-signaling pathway in the Systemin-Induced Resistance (Sys-IR) in Arabidopsis. Additionally, Systemin treated plants display enhanced BAK1 and BIK1 gene expression following infection as well as increased production of ROS after PAMP treatment suggesting that Systemin sensitizes Arabidopsis perception to pathogens and PAMPs.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Systemins induced Arabidopsis resistance to Plectosphaerella cucumerina.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- Systeminse0
- Interactor
- Plectosphaerella cucumerinaPlectosphaerella cucumerinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous peptides from solanaceous species, Systemins and HypSys, are sensed and induce resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina in the taxonomically distant species Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
HypSys induced Arabidopsis resistance to Plectosphaerella cucumerina.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- HypSyse0
- Interactor
- Plectosphaerella cucumerinaPlectosphaerella cucumerinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous peptides from solanaceous species, Systemins and HypSys, are sensed and induce resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina in the taxonomically distant species Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Peptides from closer taxonomic clades had little or no effect on plant protection.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- other peptides from closer taxonomic cladese0
- Outcome
- plant protectione0
- Direction
- very little or no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“other peptides from closer taxonomic clades have very little or no effect on plant protection”
e1“taxonomically distant species Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The studied peptides had no direct antifungal activity in vitro.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Interactor
- Plectosphaerella cucumerinaPlectosphaerella cucumerinae2pathogen
- Outcome
- direct antifungal activitiese0
- Direction
- do not havee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the studied peptides do not have direct antifungal activities”
e1“taxonomically distant species Arabidopsis thaliana”
e2“necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato Systemin induced Arabidopsis resistance at 0.1 and 1 nM.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- tomato Systemine0
- Interactor
- Plectosphaerella cucumerinaPlectosphaerella cucumerinae2pathogen
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- inducee0
- Value
- 0.1 and 1 nMe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato Systemin was able to induce resistance at very low concentrations (0.1 and 1 nM)”
e1“taxonomically distant species Arabidopsis thaliana”
e2“necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato Systemin was ineffective at higher concentrations.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- tomato Systemine0
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- ineffectivee0
- Qualifier
- higher concentrationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato Systemin was able to induce resistance at very low concentrations (0.1 and 1 nM) and displays a maximum threshold being ineffective above at higher concentrations”
e1“taxonomically distant species Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
JA signaling may participate in Systemin-induced Arabidopsis resistance.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Outcome
- Systemin-Induced Resistance (Sys-IR)e0
- Qualifier
- JA-signaling pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“possible involvement of the JA-signaling pathway in the Systemin-Induced Resistance (Sys-IR) in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Systemin-treated Arabidopsis had enhanced BAK1 and BIK1 expression after infection.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- Systemine0
- Outcome
- BAK1 and BIK1 gene expressione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- following infectione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Systemin treated plants display enhanced BAK1 and BIK1 gene expression following infection as well as increased production of ROS after PAMP treatment”
e1“Sys-IR) in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Systemin-treated Arabidopsis produced more ROS after PAMP treatment.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- Systemine0
- Outcome
- production of ROSe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- after PAMP treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Systemin treated plants display enhanced BAK1 and BIK1 gene expression following infection as well as increased production of ROS after PAMP treatment”
e1“Sys-IR) in Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
Solanum lycopersicum · disease · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.