Abstract
Cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora, is a major cowpea pest. Cowpea–cereal intercrop alone does not effectively manage the pest. Use of pesticides in intercrop leads to health and environmental risks. Fungal-based biopesticides offer a better option because they are environment- and consumer-friendly. This study assessed the combined effect of Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 62 and cowpea–maize intercrop against A. craccivora under six treatments: (1) untreated cowpea monocrop, (2) untreated cowpea–maize intercrop, (3) cowpea monocrop + ICIPE 62, (4) cowpea–maize intercrop + ICIPE 62, (5) cowpea monocrop + Duduthrin insecticide, and (6) cowpea–maize intercrop + Duduthrin during three seasons (long rainy/cold and dry/short rainy). In the cold and dry season, cowpea–maize intercrop treated with ICIPE 62 recorded the lowest infestation/cowpea damage, whereas the leaf yield was comparable to cowpea monocrop treated with ICIPE 62. In the short rainy season, the cowpea–maize intercrop treated with ICIPE 62 recorded the lowest infestation/damage, whereas leaf yield was similar to cowpea–maize intercrop treated with ICIPE 62 in the cold and dry season. Duduthrin in monocrop and intercrop did not reduce aphid infestation/cowpea damage levels in all the seasons. Although the efficacy of M. anisopliae ICIPE 62-based biopesticide could be affected by seasons, it successfully controlled aphid population in cowpea–maize intercrop under field conditions without affecting aphid-associated natural enemies.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
In the cold and dry season, cowpea-maize intercrop treated with ICIPE 62 had the lowest aphid infestation and cowpea damage.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae1 - Treatment
- cowpea–maize intercrop treated with ICIPE 62e1
- Interactor
- Aphis craccivora
Aphis craccivorae0pest - Second interactor
- ICIPE 62e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- infestation/cowpea damagee1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Qualifier
- In the cold and dry seasone1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aphis craccivora”
e1“In the cold and dry season, cowpea–maize intercrop treated with ICIPE 62 recorded the lowest infestation/cowpea damage”
Claim · model-written summary
In the cold and dry season, leaf yield of the intercrop treated with ICIPE 62 was comparable to cowpea monocrop treated with ICIPE 62.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- cowpea–maize intercrop treated with ICIPE 62e1
- Interactor
- ICIPE 62e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- leaf yielde1
- Direction
- comparablee1
- Qualifier
- In the cold and dry seasone1
- Comparator
- cowpea monocrop treated with ICIPE 62e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the cold and dry season, cowpea–maize intercrop treated with ICIPE 62 recorded the lowest infestation/cowpea damage, whereas the leaf yield was comparable to cowpea monocrop treated with ICIPE 62”
Claim · model-written summary
In the short rainy season, cowpea-maize intercrop treated with ICIPE 62 had the lowest aphid infestation and damage.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- cowpea–maize intercrop treated with ICIPE 62e1
- Interactor
- Aphis craccivoraAphis craccivorae0pest
- Second interactor
- ICIPE 62e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- infestation/damagee1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Qualifier
- In the short rainy seasone1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aphis craccivora”
e1“In the short rainy season, the cowpea–maize intercrop treated with ICIPE 62 recorded the lowest infestation/damage”
Claim · model-written summary
In the short rainy season, leaf yield of the ICIPE 62-treated intercrop was similar to that of the same treatment in the cold and dry season.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- cowpea–maize intercrop treated with ICIPE 62e1
- Interactor
- ICIPE 62e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- leaf yielde1
- Direction
- similare1
- Qualifier
- In the short rainy seasone1
- Comparator
- cowpea–maize intercrop treated with ICIPE 62 in the cold and dry seasone1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the short rainy season, the cowpea–maize intercrop treated with ICIPE 62 recorded the lowest infestation/damage, whereas leaf yield was similar to cowpea–maize intercrop treated with ICIPE 62 in the cold and dry season”
Claim · model-written summary
Duduthrin insecticide in monocrop and intercrop did not reduce aphid infestation or cowpea damage in any season.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- Duduthrin in monocrop and intercrope1
- Interactor
- aphide1pest
- Outcome
- aphid infestation/cowpea damage levelse1
- Direction
- did not reducee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Duduthrin in monocrop and intercrop did not reduce aphid infestation/cowpea damage levels in all the seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
The efficacy of the M. anisopliae ICIPE 62 biopesticide could be affected by season.
- Treatment
- seasonse1
- Interactor
- M. anisopliae ICIPE 62
Metarhizium anisopliaee1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- efficacy of M. anisopliae ICIPE 62-based biopesticidee1
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Although the efficacy of M. anisopliae ICIPE 62-based biopesticide could be affected by seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
The M. anisopliae ICIPE 62 biopesticide successfully controlled the aphid population in cowpea-maize intercrop under field conditions.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- M. anisopliae ICIPE 62-based biopesticidee1
- Interactor
- aphide1pest
- Second interactor
- M. anisopliae ICIPE 62Metarhizium anisopliaee1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- aphid populatione1
- Direction
- controllede1
- Setting
- field conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the efficacy of M. anisopliae ICIPE 62-based biopesticide could be affected by seasons, it successfully controlled aphid population in cowpea–maize intercrop under field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The biopesticide did not affect aphid-associated natural enemies.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- M. anisopliae ICIPE 62-based biopesticidee1
- Interactor
- aphid-associated natural enemiese1other
- Outcome
- aphid-associated natural enemiese1
- Direction
- without affectinge1
- Setting
- field conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“M. anisopliae ICIPE 62-based biopesticide could be affected by seasons, it successfully controlled aphid population in cowpea–maize intercrop under field conditions without affecting aphid-associated natural enemies”
The same questions in other papers
intercropping · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
39 papers in the same direction as this paper · 63 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
99 papers more in this group
See all 103 papers →intercropping · Aphis craccivora · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
intercropping · pest · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →biocontrol · pest · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.