Abstract
Soil tillage system is a basic in maize crop production. Under variable climatic conditions and frequent occurrences of dry years, soil tillage adjusted to the soil type, agro-ecological conditions and the crop, can contribute to the achievement of the maximum yield potential. Systems of reduced tillage, particularly direct sowing, have been widely used in Europe. Under agro-ecological conditions of central Serbia, the highest maize yields have been achieved by using conventional soil tillage with 20-25-cm deep autumn ploughing and a single pass land preparation in spring as 10-12-cm shallow tillage. In the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, the long-term experiment was conducted (2005-2016) in order to test the efficacy of zero-, reduced and conventional tillage together with the application of different rates of mineral fertilisers in maize cultivation. The experiment was performed under rainfed and irrigation conditions. The data were processed by four factorials ANOVA and differences were analysed by the LSD-test. Based on the precipitation sum in the investigated period, three years were extremely dry, four were moderately dry and five were favourable for maize production. Under irrigation conditions, the 12-year maize grain yield average was higher by 2.1 t ha-1 than under rainfed conditions. Under rainfed conditions, differences between conventional and reduced or zero-tillage were 1.7, and 1.3 t ha-1 , respectively, while under irrigated conditions conventional tillage was more productive by 1.4 t ha-1 than reduced and zero-tillage, respectively. In some dry years, such 2012, the maize grain yield was higher under conditions of reduced tillage than conventional tillage.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Under central Serbian conditions the highest maize yields have been achieved with conventional soil tillage (20-25 cm autumn ploughing plus shallow spring tillage).
- Treatment
- conventional soil tillagee0
- Outcome
- highest maize yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- central Serbiae0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Under agro-ecological conditions of central Serbia, the highest maize yields have been achieved by using conventional soil tillage with 20-25-cm deep autumn ploughing and a single pass land preparation in spring as 10-12-cm shallow tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Based on precipitation, three years of the long-term experiment were extremely dry, four moderately dry and five favourable for maize.
- Outcome
- precipitation sume0
- Qualifier
- three years were extremely dry, four were moderately dry and five were favourablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Based on the precipitation sum in the investigated period, three years were extremely dry, four were moderately dry and five were favourable for maize production”
Claim · model-written summary
Under irrigation, the 12-year average maize grain yield was 2.1 t ha-1 higher than under rainfed conditions.
- Treatment
- irrigation conditionse0
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.1 t ha-1e0
- Comparator
- rainfed conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Under irrigation conditions, the 12-year maize grain yield average was higher by 2.1 t ha-1 than under rainfed conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Under rainfed conditions conventional tillage differed from reduced tillage by 1.7 t ha-1 (conventional higher, inferred from the next sentence).
- Treatment
- conventionale0
- Outcome
- differencese0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 1.7e0
- Comparator
- reducede0
- Setting
- rainfed conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Under rainfed conditions, differences between conventional and reduced or zero-tillage were 1.7, and 1.3 t ha-1 , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under rainfed conditions conventional tillage differed from zero-tillage by 1.3 t ha-1 (conventional higher, inferred).
- Treatment
- conventionale0
- Outcome
- differencese0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 1.3 t ha-1e0
- Comparator
- zero-tillagee0
- Setting
- rainfed conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Under rainfed conditions, differences between conventional and reduced or zero-tillage were 1.7, and 1.3 t ha-1 , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under irrigation conventional tillage was 1.4 t ha-1 more productive than reduced tillage.
- Treatment
- conventional tillagee0
- Outcome
- more productivee0
- Direction
- more productivee0
- Value
- 1.4 t ha-1e0
- Comparator
- reducede0
- Setting
- irrigated conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“under irrigated conditions conventional tillage was more productive by 1.4 t ha-1 than reduced and zero-tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Under irrigation conventional tillage was 1.4 t ha-1 more productive than zero-tillage.
- Treatment
- conventional tillagee0
- Outcome
- more productivee0
- Direction
- more productivee0
- Value
- 1.4 t ha-1e0
- Comparator
- zero-tillagee0
- Setting
- irrigated conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“under irrigated conditions conventional tillage was more productive by 1.4 t ha-1 than reduced and zero-tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
In some dry years such as 2012, maize grain yield was higher under reduced tillage than under conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- reduced tillagee0
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- In some dry yearse0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“In some dry years, such 2012, the maize grain yield was higher under conditions of reduced tillage than conventional tillage”
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