Abstract
Grain sorghum is typically grown as a rotational crop in Arkansas because of its many benefits, one being the effective control of Palmer amaranth through the use of atrazine. However, limited options exist for postemergence (POST) control of weedy grasses within the crop. Inzen™ grain sorghum is the result of a nicosulfuron resistant weedy sorghum biotype cross-bred with a commercial line of grain sorghum. Inzen™ allows for safe use of over-the-top applications of nicosulfuron within the crop. Nicosulfuron is an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide, which has historically been used in corn for control of weedy grasses. Experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to (1) evaluate the tolerance of Inzen™ grain sorghum to various herbicides in Weed Science Society of America Group 2 ALS-inhibiting herbicides, (2) evaluate weed control programs utilizing nicosulfuron, and (3) determine the sensitivity of conventional grain sorghum to low rates of nicosulfuron and glufosinate. Results indicate Inzen™ grain sorghum was tolerant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides evaluated when applied directly to the soil prior to crop emergence (PRE). When ALS-inhibiting herbicides were applied to Inzen™ grain sorghum at the V4 growth stage, a high level of resistance was observed to all herbicides, with the exception of bispyribac-Na, which resulted in 20% visible injury and a 35% yield reduction. Additionally, weed control programs utilizing S-metolachlor preemergence and nicosulfuron + atrazine applied POST resulted in a yield increase along with acceptable control of both Palmer amaranth and johnsongrass. Finally, conventional grain sorghum appeared to be most sensitive to low rates of nicosulfuron and glufosinate at V8, flagleaf, or heading growth stages. Yield reductions of up to 96% were observed from rates of nicosulfuron equivalent to 1/10X of a labeled use rate. Nomenclature: Inzen; atrazine; byspyribac; glufosinate; nicosulfuron; S-metolachlor; johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense L. Pers.; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.; corn, Zea mays L.; grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench ssp. bicolor
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Inzen grain sorghum tolerated evaluated ALS inhibitors applied before emergence.
- Taxon
- grain sorghum
Sorghum bicolore0 - Material
- Inzen™e0
- Treatment
- ALS-inhibiting herbicidese0
- Outcome
- tolerante0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inzen™ grain sorghum was tolerant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides evaluated when applied directly to the soil prior to crop emergence (PRE)”
Claim · model-written summary
At V4, Inzen grain sorghum resisted the evaluated herbicides other than bispyribac-Na.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Material
- Inzen™e0
- Organ / stage
- V4 growth stagee0
- Treatment
- ALS-inhibiting herbicidese0
- Outcome
- a high level of resistancee0
- Qualifier
- with the exception of bispyribac-Nae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When ALS-inhibiting herbicides were applied to Inzen™ grain sorghum at the V4 growth stage, a high level of resistance was observed to all herbicides, with the exception of bispyribac-Na”
Claim · model-written summary
Bispyribac-Na caused 20% visible injury in Inzen grain sorghum at V4.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Material
- Inzen™e0
- Organ / stage
- V4 growth stagee0
- Treatment
- bispyribac-Nae0
- Outcome
- visible injurye0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When ALS-inhibiting herbicides were applied to Inzen™ grain sorghum at the V4 growth stage, a high level of resistance was observed to all herbicides, with the exception of bispyribac-Na, which resulted in 20% visible injury”
Claim · model-written summary
Bispyribac-Na reduced Inzen grain sorghum yield by 35%.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“bispyribac-Na, which resulted in 20% visible injury and a 35% yield reduction”
t0“Inzen Grain Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
S-metolachlor preemergence plus postemergence nicosulfuron and atrazine increased yield.
- Taxon
- Grain SorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- S-metolachlor preemergence and nicosulfuron + atrazine applied POSTe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed control programs utilizing S-metolachlor preemergence and nicosulfuron + atrazine applied POST resulted in a yield increase”
t0“Grain Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide program acceptably controlled Palmer amaranth.
- Taxon
- Grain SorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- S-metolachlor preemergence and nicosulfuron + atrazine applied POSTe0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- control of both Palmer amaranthe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed control programs utilizing S-metolachlor preemergence and nicosulfuron + atrazine applied POST resulted in a yield increase along with acceptable control of both Palmer amaranth and johnsongrass”
t0“Grain Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide program acceptably controlled johnsongrass.
- Taxon
- Grain SorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- S-metolachlor preemergence and nicosulfuron + atrazine applied POSTe1
- Interactor
- johnsongrass
.jpg?width=60)
Sorghum halepensee0weed - Outcome
- control of both Palmer amaranth and johnsongrasse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“acceptable control of both Palmer amaranth and johnsongrass”
e1“weed control programs utilizing S-metolachlor preemergence and nicosulfuron + atrazine applied POST resulted in a yield increase along with acceptable control of both Palmer amaranth and johnsongrass”
t0“Grain Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional grain sorghum was most sensitive to low nicosulfuron rates at V8, flagleaf or heading.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Material
- conventional grain sorghume0
- Organ / stage
- V8, flagleaf, or heading growth stagese0
- Treatment
- nicosulfurone0
- Outcome
- most sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conventional grain sorghum appeared to be most sensitive to low rates of nicosulfuron and glufosinate at V8, flagleaf, or heading growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional grain sorghum was most sensitive to low glufosinate rates at V8, flagleaf or heading.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Material
- conventional grain sorghume0
- Organ / stage
- V8, flagleaf, or heading growth stagese0
- Treatment
- glufosinatee0
- Outcome
- most sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conventional grain sorghum appeared to be most sensitive to low rates of nicosulfuron and glufosinate at V8, flagleaf, or heading growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicosulfuron at one tenth of its labeled rate reduced conventional sorghum yield by up to 96%.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore1
- Material
- conventional grain sorghume1
- Treatment
- rates of nicosulfuron equivalent to 1/10X of a labeled use ratee0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- up to 96%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield reductions of up to 96% were observed from rates of nicosulfuron equivalent to 1/10X of a labeled use rate”
e1“conventional grain sorghum appeared to be most sensitive to low rates of nicosulfuron and glufosinate”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.