Abstract
Rhizosphere microbiome significantly influences plant growth and productivity. Legume crops like pea have often been used as a rotation crop along with rice cultivation in long-term conservation agriculture experiments in the acidic soils of the North-East Region of India. It is essential to understand how the pea plant influences the soil communities and shapes its rhizosphere microbiome. It is also expected that the long-term application of nutrients and tillage practices may also have a lasting effect on the rhizosphere and soil communities. In this study, we estimated the bacterial communities by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of pea rhizosphere and bulk soils from a long-term experiment with multiple nutrient management practices and different tillage history. We also used Tax4Fun to predict the functions of bacterial communities. Quantitative PCR was used to estimate the abundance of total bacterial and members of Firmicutes in the rhizosphere and bulk soils. The results showed that bacterial diversity was significantly higher in the rhizosphere in comparison to bulk soils. A higher abundance of Proteobacteria was recorded in the rhizosphere, whereas the bulk soils have higher proportions of Firmicutes. At the genus level proportion of Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Nitrobacter, Enterobacter, and Sphingomonas was significantly higher in the rhizosphere. At the same time, Massilia, Paenibacillus and Planomicrobium were more abundant in the bulk soils. Higher abundance of genes reported for plant growth-promotion, and several other genes including iron complex outer membrane receptor, cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistance, sigma-70 factor and ribonuclease E was predicted in the rhizosphere samples in comparison to bulk soils, indicating that the pea plants shapes its rhizosphere microbiome, plausibly to meet its requirements for nutrient uptake and stress amelioration.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial diversity was significantly higher in the pea rhizosphere than bulk soils.
- Taxon
- bacteriale0
- Interactor
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse1host - Outcome
- bacterial diversitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- bulk soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that bacterial diversity was significantly higher in the rhizosphere in comparison to bulk soils.”
e1“pea rhizosphere and bulk soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteobacteria were more abundant in the pea rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- ProteobacteriaPseudomonadotae0
- Interactor
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1host
- Outcome
- abundance of Proteobacteriae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- bulk soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A higher abundance of Proteobacteria was recorded in the rhizosphere, whereas the bulk soils have higher proportions of Firmicutes.”
e1“pea rhizosphere and bulk soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Firmicutes proportions were higher in bulk soils than the pea rhizosphere.
- Interactor
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1host
- Outcome
- proportions of Firmicutese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rhizospheree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A higher abundance of Proteobacteria was recorded in the rhizosphere, whereas the bulk soils have higher proportions of Firmicutes.”
e1“pea rhizosphere and bulk soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium proportions were significantly higher in the rhizosphere.
- Interactor
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1host
- Outcome
- proportione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- bulk soilse1
RhizobiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the genus level proportion of Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Nitrobacter, Enterobacter, and Sphingomonas was significantly higher in the rhizosphere.”
e1“pea rhizosphere and bulk soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas proportions were significantly higher in the rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- Pseudomonas
Pseudomonase0 - Interactor
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1host
- Outcome
- proportione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- bulk soilse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the genus level proportion of Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Nitrobacter, Enterobacter, and Sphingomonas was significantly higher in the rhizosphere.”
e1“pea rhizosphere and bulk soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Pantoea proportions were significantly higher in the rhizosphere.
- Interactor
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1host
- Outcome
- proportione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- bulk soilse1
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
PantoeaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“At the genus level proportion of Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Nitrobacter, Enterobacter, and Sphingomonas was significantly higher in the rhizosphere.”
e1“pea rhizosphere and bulk soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrobacter proportions were significantly higher in the rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- NitrobacterNitrobactere0
- Interactor
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1host
- Outcome
- proportione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- bulk soilse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the genus level proportion of Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Nitrobacter, Enterobacter, and Sphingomonas was significantly higher in the rhizosphere.”
e1“pea rhizosphere and bulk soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Enterobacter proportions were significantly higher in the rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- Enterobacter
Enterobactere0 - Interactor
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1host
- Outcome
- proportione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- bulk soilse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the genus level proportion of Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Nitrobacter, Enterobacter, and Sphingomonas was significantly higher in the rhizosphere.”
e1“pea rhizosphere and bulk soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Sphingomonas proportions were significantly higher in the rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- Sphingomonas
Sphingomonase0 - Interactor
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1host
- Outcome
- proportione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- bulk soilse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the genus level proportion of Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Nitrobacter, Enterobacter, and Sphingomonas was significantly higher in the rhizosphere.”
e1“pea rhizosphere and bulk soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Massilia was more abundant in bulk soil.
- Interactor
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1host
- Outcome
- abundante0
- Direction
- more abundante0
- Comparator
- rhizospheree1
MassiliaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the same time, Massilia, Paenibacillus and Planomicrobium were more abundant in the bulk soils.”
e1“pea rhizosphere and bulk soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Paenibacillus was more abundant in bulk soil.
- Taxon
- Paenibacillus
Paenibacilluse0 - Interactor
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1host
- Outcome
- abundante0
- Direction
- more abundante0
- Comparator
- rhizospheree1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the same time, Massilia, Paenibacillus and Planomicrobium were more abundant in the bulk soils.”
e1“pea rhizosphere and bulk soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Planomicrobium was more abundant in bulk soil.
- Taxon
- PlanomicrobiumPlanomicrobiume0
- Interactor
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1host
- Outcome
- abundante0
- Direction
- more abundante0
- Comparator
- rhizospheree1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the same time, Massilia, Paenibacillus and Planomicrobium were more abundant in the bulk soils.”
e1“pea rhizosphere and bulk soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth-promotion genes and iron receptor and metal resistance genes were predicted to be more abundant in the rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- bacteriale1
- Interactor
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse2host
- Gene
- iron complex outer membrane receptor, cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistancee0
- Outcome
- abundance of genese0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Qualifier
- plant growth-promotione0
- Comparator
- bulk soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher abundance of genes reported for plant growth-promotion, and several other genes including iron complex outer membrane receptor, cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistance, sigma-70 factor and ribonuclease E was predicted in the rhizosphere samples in comparison to bulk soils”
e1“functions of bacterial communities”
e2“pea rhizosphere and bulk soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Sigma-70 factor and ribonuclease E genes were predicted to be more abundant in rhizosphere samples.
- Taxon
- bacteriale1
- Interactor
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse2host
- Gene
- sigma-70 factor and ribonuclease Ee0
- Outcome
- abundance of genese0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Comparator
- bulk soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher abundance of genes reported for plant growth-promotion, and several other genes including iron complex outer membrane receptor, cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistance, sigma-70 factor and ribonuclease E was predicted in the rhizosphere samples in comparison to bulk soils”
e1“functions of bacterial communities”
e2“pea rhizosphere and bulk soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea plausibly shapes its rhizosphere microbiome to meet nutrient uptake and stress amelioration requirements.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Interactor
- rhizosphere microbiomee0other
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake and stress amelioratione0
- Qualifier
- plausiblye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicating that the pea plants shapes its rhizosphere microbiome, plausibly to meet its requirements for nutrient uptake and stress amelioration.”