Abstract
Abstract Appropriate irrigation methods and N management can effectively increase the yield and N efficiency of rice ( Oryza sativa L.). A soil‐grown experiment was conducted in 2018 and 2019 using Liangeng 7 with different N forms (NH 3 –N, NH 4 + and NO 3 − mixed 50:50 [50:50], and NO 3 –N), as well as three irrigation regimes (submerged irrigation [0 kPa], alternate wetting and moderate drying [−20 kPa], and alternate wetting and severe drying [−40 kPa]). Results showed that yield and N agronomic efficiency were maximized at the alternative wetting and moderate dying treatment with NH 4 NO 3 mixed among all treatments. Nitrogen forms in different irrigation regimes had different effects on root characteristic and leaf photosynthesis rate. In submerged irrigation, NH 3 –N treatment improved root morphology, increased the activities of NH 3 assimilation enzymes in roots, and promoted root oxidation and leaf photosynthesis rate at different growth stages compared with other N forms. By contrast, moderate drying interacted with 50:50 and significantly enhanced root length, average root diameter, root volume, root tips, and root oxidation activity and promoted C and N metabolism in root and photosynthesis rate of leaves compared with other N forms under alternate wetting and drying irrigation. Multiple regression analysis showed that root length, the glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity of roots, and the photosynthetic rate of leaves closely related with high rice yield and efficient N utilization. All these results suggested that improved root morphology and physiology activity, enhanced C and N metabolism, and increased leaf photosynthesis rate through the appropriate regulation of irrigation‐regime interaction with N forms can help to increase the grain yield and N agronomic efficiency of rice.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate alternate wetting and drying with mixed ammonium nitrate maximized yield and nitrogen agronomic efficiency.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- alternative wetting and moderate dying treatment with NH 4 NO 3 mixede0
- Outcome
- yield and N agronomic efficiencye0
- Direction
- maximizede0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield and N agronomic efficiency were maximized at the alternative wetting and moderate dying treatment with NH 4 NO 3 mixed among all treatments.”
e1“yield and N efficiency of rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under submerged irrigation, NH3-N improved root morphology and increased root ammonia-assimilation enzyme activities compared with other nitrogen forms.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NH 3 –N treatmente0
- Outcome
- root morphology, increased the activities of NH 3 assimilation enzymes in rootse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- submerged irrigatione0
- Comparator
- other N formse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In submerged irrigation, NH 3 –N treatment improved root morphology, increased the activities of NH 3 assimilation enzymes in roots, and promoted root oxidation and leaf photosynthesis rate at different growth stages compared with other N forms.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under submerged irrigation, NH3-N promoted root oxidation and leaf photosynthesis compared with other nitrogen forms.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NH 3 –N treatmente0
- Outcome
- root oxidation and leaf photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- submerged irrigatione0
- Comparator
- other N formse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In submerged irrigation, NH 3 –N treatment improved root morphology, increased the activities of NH 3 assimilation enzymes in roots, and promoted root oxidation and leaf photosynthesis rate at different growth stages compared with other N forms.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under moderate drying, the mixed 50:50 nitrogen form significantly enhanced root length, diameter, volume, tips and oxidation versus other forms.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- moderate drying interacted with 50:50e0
- Outcome
- root length, average root diameter, root volume, root tips, and root oxidation activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- other N formse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“moderate drying interacted with 50:50 and significantly enhanced root length, average root diameter, root volume, root tips, and root oxidation activity and promoted C and N metabolism in root and photosynthesis rate of leaves compared with other N forms under alternate wetting and drying irrigation.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under moderate drying, mixed nitrogen promoted root carbon and nitrogen metabolism and leaf photosynthesis versus other forms.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- moderate drying interacted with 50:50e0
- Outcome
- C and N metabolism in root and photosynthesis rate of leavese0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Comparator
- other N formse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“moderate drying interacted with 50:50 and significantly enhanced root length, average root diameter, root volume, root tips, and root oxidation activity and promoted C and N metabolism in root and photosynthesis rate of leaves compared with other N forms under alternate wetting and drying irrigation.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Root length, root GOGAT activity and leaf photosynthesis were closely related to high yield and efficient nitrogen use.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Gene
- glutamate synthase (GOGAT)e0
- Outcome
- high rice yield and efficient N utilizatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length, the glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity of roots, and the photosynthetic rate of leaves closely related with high rice yield and efficient N utilization.”
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