Abstract
Abstract Pratylenchus curvicauda , which was first described in metropolitan Perth in 1991, was recently identified in grain‐growing areas in Western Australia. The biology of this root‐lesion nematode, and especially its pest status, is unknown. We investigated its life cycle and interaction with host plants, because such information is essential for its management. The life cycle took 45 days to complete in a wheat cultivar maintained at 23°C. Over 10 weeks, the nematode multiplied in 26 of 61 genotypes; these host plants were all cereals and included widely grown cultivars of wheat and barley. Eighteen other cereal genotypes and 13 cultivars including canola, chickpea, ryegrass, lupin, soybean, and tomato, sustained the nematodes to different degrees without multiplication. Four cover crops were not suitable hosts. The patterns of attraction of the nematodes and penetration into roots of the host and tolerant plants were similar. The nonhosts attracted fewer nematodes, none of which penetrated the roots. Browning of infected roots was atypical—it occurred late in some roots, 55 days after inoculation, and in the presence of a fungus. The nematodes were confined to, and fed from, cortical cells. The ultrastructure of infected wheat and barley cells showed typical signs of damage caused by Pratylenchus spp. and included cell disorganization and lack of membrane integrity, disintegration of cytoplasm, hypertrophy of some nuclei, and deposition of tannin‐like granules. This detailed characterization of P . curvicauda– host interaction indicates the nematode is likely to be a pest of major crops, and attention should be given to its management.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
The nematode completed its life cycle in 45 days in wheat at 23°C.
- Taxon
- Pratylenchus curvicaudaPratylenchus curvicaudat0
- Interactor
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0host - Outcome
- life cyclee0
- Value
- 45 dayse0
- Qualifier
- 23°Ce0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The life cycle took 45 days to complete in a wheat cultivar maintained at 23°C”
t0“Pratylenchus curvicauda”
Claim · model-written summary
The nematode multiplied in 26 of 61 cereal genotypes over ten weeks.
- Taxon
- Pratylenchus curvicaudaPratylenchus curvicaudat0
- Interactor
- cerealse0host
- Outcome
- multipliede0
- Value
- 26 of 61e0
- Qualifier
- Over 10 weekse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Over 10 weeks, the nematode multiplied in 26 of 61 genotypes; these host plants were all cereals and included widely grown cultivars of wheat and barley”
t0“Pratylenchus curvicauda”
Claim · model-written summary
Other tested cereal genotypes sustained nematodes without multiplication.
Verbatim
e0“Eighteen other cereal genotypes and 13 cultivars including canola, chickpea, ryegrass, lupin, soybean, and tomato, sustained the nematodes to different degrees without multiplication”
t0“Pratylenchus curvicauda”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirteen other cultivars sustained nematodes to varying degrees without multiplication.
- Taxon
- Pratylenchus curvicaudaPratylenchus curvicaudat0
- Interactor
- canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napuse0host - Second interactor
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0host - Outcome
- sustained the nematodes to different degrees without multiplicatione0
- Value
- 13e0
- Qualifier
- canola, chickpea, ryegrass, lupin, soybean, and tomatoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“13 cultivars including canola, chickpea, ryegrass, lupin, soybean, and tomato, sustained the nematodes to different degrees without multiplication”
t0“Pratylenchus curvicauda”
Claim · model-written summary
Four cover crops were unsuitable hosts.
- Taxon
- cover cropse0
- Interactor
- Pratylenchus curvicaudaPratylenchus curvicaudat0pathogen
- Outcome
- not suitable hostse0
- Value
- Foure0
Verbatim
e0“Four cover crops were not suitable hosts”
t0“Pratylenchus curvicauda”
Claim · model-written summary
Attraction and root penetration patterns were similar in host and tolerant plants.
- Taxon
- Pratylenchus curvicaudaPratylenchus curvicaudat0
- Outcome
- attraction of the nematodes and penetration into rootse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- host and tolerant plantse0
Verbatim
e0“The patterns of attraction of the nematodes and penetration into roots of the host and tolerant plants were similar”
t0“Pratylenchus curvicauda”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonhosts attracted fewer nematodes and none penetrated roots.
- Taxon
- Pratylenchus curvicaudaPratylenchus curvicaudat0
- Outcome
- attracted fewer nematodes, none of which penetrated the rootse0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Qualifier
- nonhostse0
Verbatim
e0“The nonhosts attracted fewer nematodes, none of which penetrated the roots”
t0“Pratylenchus curvicauda”
Claim · model-written summary
Some infected roots browned late, 55 days after inoculation, with a fungus present.
- Taxon
- wheat and barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- funguse0other
- Outcome
- Browning of infected rootse0
- Value
- 55 dayse0
- Qualifier
- late in some rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Browning of infected roots was atypical—it occurred late in some roots, 55 days after inoculation, and in the presence of a fungus”
t0“wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematodes were confined to cortical cells and fed from them.
- Taxon
- Pratylenchus curvicaudaPratylenchus curvicaudat0
- Outcome
- confined to, and fed from, cortical cellse0
Verbatim
e0“The nematodes were confined to, and fed from, cortical cells”
t0“Pratylenchus curvicauda”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected wheat cells showed disorganization, membrane integrity loss and cytoplasm disintegration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- Pratylenchus spp.
Pratylenchuse0pathogen - Outcome
- cell disorganization and lack of membrane integrity, disintegration of cytoplasme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ultrastructure of infected wheat and barley cells showed typical signs of damage caused by Pratylenchus spp. and included cell disorganization and lack of membrane integrity, disintegration of cytoplasm, hypertrophy of some nuclei, and deposition of tannin‐like granules”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected barley cells showed disorganization, membrane integrity loss and cytoplasm disintegration.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Interactor
- Pratylenchus spp.Pratylenchuse0pathogen
- Outcome
- cell disorganization and lack of membrane integrity, disintegration of cytoplasme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ultrastructure of infected wheat and barley cells showed typical signs of damage caused by Pratylenchus spp. and included cell disorganization and lack of membrane integrity, disintegration of cytoplasm, hypertrophy of some nuclei, and deposition of tannin‐like granules”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected wheat cells showed nuclear hypertrophy and tannin-like granule deposition.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- Pratylenchus spp.Pratylenchuse0pathogen
- Outcome
- hypertrophy of some nuclei, and deposition of tannin‐like granulese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ultrastructure of infected wheat and barley cells showed typical signs of damage caused by Pratylenchus spp. and included cell disorganization and lack of membrane integrity, disintegration of cytoplasm, hypertrophy of some nuclei, and deposition of tannin‐like granules”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected barley cells showed nuclear hypertrophy and tannin-like granule deposition.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Interactor
- Pratylenchus spp.Pratylenchuse0pathogen
- Outcome
- hypertrophy of some nuclei, and deposition of tannin‐like granulese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ultrastructure of infected wheat and barley cells showed typical signs of damage caused by Pratylenchus spp. and included cell disorganization and lack of membrane integrity, disintegration of cytoplasm, hypertrophy of some nuclei, and deposition of tannin‐like granules”
Claim · model-written summary
The nematode is likely a pest of major crops and merits management attention.
- Taxon
- Pratylenchus curvicaudaPratylenchus curvicaudat0
- Outcome
- attention should be given to its managemente0
- Qualifier
- likely to be a pest of major cropse0
Verbatim
e0“the nematode is likely to be a pest of major crops, and attention should be given to its management”
t0“Pratylenchus curvicauda”