Abstract
Antagonistic fungi such as Trichoderma reesei are promising alternatives to conventional fungicides in agriculture. This is especially true for worldwide occurring grapevine trunk diseases, causing losses of US$1.5 billion every year, at which conventional fungicides are mostly ineffective or prohibited by law. Yet, applications of Trichoderma against grapevine trunk diseases are limited to preventive measures, suffer from poor shelf life, or uncontrolled germination. Therefore, we developed a mild and spore-compatible layer-by-layer assembly to encapsulate spores of a new mycoparasitic strain of T. reesei IBWF 034-05 in a bio-based and biodegradable lignin shell. The encapsulation inhibits undesired premature germination and enables the application as an aqueous dispersion via trunk injection. First injected into a plant, the spores remain in a resting state. Second, when lignin-degrading fungi infect the plant, enzymatic degradation of the shell occurs and germination is selectively triggered by the pathogenic fungi itself, which was proven in vitro. Germinated Trichoderma antagonizes the fungal pathogens and finally supplants them from the plant. This concept enables Trichoderma spores for curative treatment of esca, one of the most infective grapevine trunk diseases worldwide.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Lignin encapsulation inhibits undesired premature germination of Trichoderma reesei spores.
- Treatment
- encapsulatione2
- Interactor
- T. reesei IBWF 034-05Trichoderma reeseie1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- undesired premature germinatione2
- Direction
- inhibitse2
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“worldwide occurring grapevine trunk diseases”
e1“to encapsulate spores of a new mycoparasitic strain of T. reesei IBWF 034-05 in a bio-based and biodegradable lignin shell”
e2“The encapsulation inhibits undesired premature germination and enables the application as an aqueous dispersion via trunk injection”
Claim · model-written summary
After trunk injection into grapevine, Trichoderma spores remain in a resting state.
- Outcome
- resting statee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“worldwide occurring grapevine trunk diseases”
e3“First injected into a plant, the spores remain in a resting state”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination of Trichoderma spores is selectively triggered by pathogenic fungi.
- Treatment
- pathogenic fungie4
- Interactor
- pathogenic fungie4pathogen
- Outcome
- germinatione4
- Direction
- selectively triggerede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“worldwide occurring grapevine trunk diseases”
e4“when lignin-degrading fungi infect the plant, enzymatic degradation of the shell occurs and germination is selectively triggered by the pathogenic fungi itself, which was proven in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Germinated Trichoderma antagonizes fungal pathogens of grapevine.
- Treatment
- Germinated Trichodermae5
- Interactor
- fungal pathogense5pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae5biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- fungal pathogense5
- Direction
- antagonizese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“worldwide occurring grapevine trunk diseases”
e5“Germinated Trichoderma antagonizes the fungal pathogens and finally supplants them from the plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Germinated Trichoderma supplants fungal pathogens from grapevine.
- Treatment
- Germinated Trichodermae5
- Interactor
- fungal pathogense5pathogen
- Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fungal pathogense5
- Direction
- supplantse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“worldwide occurring grapevine trunk diseases”
e5“Germinated Trichoderma antagonizes the fungal pathogens and finally supplants them from the plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The concept enables Trichoderma spores for curative treatment of esca, a grapevine trunk disease.
- Outcome
- curative treatment of escae6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“This concept enables Trichoderma spores for curative treatment of esca, one of the most infective grapevine trunk diseases worldwide”
Claim · model-written summary
Encapsulation enables application of Trichoderma spores as an aqueous dispersion via trunk injection.
- Treatment
- encapsulatione2
- Outcome
- application as an aqueous dispersion via trunk injectione2
- Direction
- enablese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“worldwide occurring grapevine trunk diseases”
e2“The encapsulation inhibits undesired premature germination and enables the application as an aqueous dispersion via trunk injection”
The same questions in other papers
in vitro · physiology: photosynthesis · VitisResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.