Abstract
Reduced tillage practices [such as ridge tillage (RT)] have been potential solutions to the weed pressures of long-term no tillage (NT) and the soil-intensive disturbances caused by conventional tillage [such as moldboard plow (MP) tillage]. Although soil diazotrophs are significantly important in global nitrogen (N) cycling and contribute to the pool of plant-available N in agroecosystems, little is currently known about the responses of diazotrophic communities to different long-term tillage practices. In the current study, we investigated the differences among the effects of NT, RT, and MP on soil properties, diazotrophic communities, and co-occurrence network patterns in bulk and rhizosphere soils under soybean grown in clay loam soil of Northeast China. The results showed that RT and MP led to higher contents of total C, N, and available K compared to NT in both bulk and rhizosphere soils, and RT resulted in higher soybean yield than NT and MP. Compared to NT and RT, MP decreased the relative abundances of free-living diazotrophs, while it promoted the growth of copiotrophic diazotrophs. Little differences of diazotrophic community diversity, composition, and community structure were detected between RT and NT, but MP obviously decreased diazotrophic diversity and changed the diazotrophic communities in contrast to NT and RT in bulk soils. Soil nitrogenous nutrients had negative correlations with diazotrophic diversity and significantly influenced the diazotrophic community structure. Across all diazotrophs' networks, the major diazotrophic interactions transformed into a cooperatively dominated network under RT, with more intense and efficient interactions among species than NT and MP. Overall, our study suggested that RT, with minor soil disturbances, could stabilize diazotrophic diversity and communities as NT and possessed highly positive interactions among diazotrophic species relative to NT and MP.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Ridge tillage increased soybean yield relative to no tillage and moldboard plow.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RT resulted in higher soybean yield than NT and MP”
Claim · model-written summary
Ridge tillage and moldboard plow had higher total C, N and available K than no tillage in bulk and rhizosphere soil.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Organ / stage
- rhizosphere soilse0
- Treatment
- RT and MPe0
- Outcome
- contents of total C, N, and available Ke0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RT and MP led to higher contents of total C, N, and available K compared to NT in both bulk and rhizosphere soils”
e1“under soybean grown”
Claim · model-written summary
Diazotroph community diversity, composition and structure differed little between ridge and no tillage.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- diazotrophic community diversity, composition, and community structuree0
- Direction
- Little differencese0
- Comparator
- RT and NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Little differences of diazotrophic community diversity, composition, and community structure were detected between RT and NT”
e1“under soybean grown”
Claim · model-written summary
Moldboard plow decreased diazotrophic diversity in bulk soil relative to no tillage and ridge tillage.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- MPe0
- Outcome
- diazotrophic diversitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- NT and RTe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MP obviously decreased diazotrophic diversity”
e1“under soybean grown”
e2“in contrast to NT and RT in bulk soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Moldboard plow changed bulk soil diazotrophic communities relative to no tillage and ridge tillage.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- MPe2
- Outcome
- diazotrophic communitiese0
- Comparator
- NT and RTe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changed the diazotrophic communities in contrast to NT and RT in bulk soils”
e1“under soybean grown”
e2“NT, RT, and MP”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nitrogenous nutrients were negatively correlated with diazotrophic diversity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- diazotrophic diversitye0
- Direction
- negative correlationse0
- Setting
- Soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil nitrogenous nutrients had negative correlations with diazotrophic diversity”
e1“under soybean grown”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nitrogenous nutrients significantly influenced diazotrophic community structure.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- diazotrophic community structuree0
- Setting
- Soile2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly influenced the diazotrophic community structure”
e1“under soybean grown”
e2“Soil nitrogenous nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Ridge tillage produced a cooperatively dominated diazotroph network with more intense and efficient interactions than no tillage and moldboard plow.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- RTe0
- Outcome
- diazotrophic interactionse0
- Direction
- more intense and efficiente0
- Comparator
- NT and MPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the major diazotrophic interactions transformed into a cooperatively dominated network under RT, with more intense and efficient interactions among species than NT and MP”
e1“under soybean grown”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
263 papers in the same direction as this paper · 100 in the opposite direction · 26 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
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See all 390 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.