Abstract
Bakanae disease in rice can cause abnormal elongation of the stem and leaves, development of adventitious roots, a larger leaf angle, and even death. Little is known about the infection, colonization, and distribution of Fusarium fujikuroi in rice plants across different growth stages. In this study, microscopic observation and quantitative real-time PCR were combined to investigate the pathogenesis of bakanae, using artificially inoculated seedlings of a susceptible rice cultivar, Zerawchanica karatals (ZK), a resistant cultivar, Tainung 67 (TNG67), naturally infected adult field plants (cultivars Kaohsiung 139, Taikeng 2, and Tainan 11), and an F. fujikuroi isolate expressing green fluorescent protein. In rice seedlings, F. fujikuroi hyphae were found to directly penetrate the epidermis of basal stems and roots, then extend inter- and intracellularly to invade the vascular bundles. Occlusion of vascular bundles and radial hyphal expansion from vascular bundles to surrounding parenchyma were observed in adult plants. Analysis of consecutive 3-cm segments of the whole plant revealed that F. fujikuroi was largely confined to the embryo, basal stem, and basal roots in seedlings, and distributed unevenly in the lower aerial parts (including nodes and internodes) of adult plants. The elongation and development of adventitious roots did not necessarily correlate with the amount of F. fujikuroi in diseased plants. Treatment of rice seeds with gibberellic acid-3 (GA 3 ) at 0.5 mg/liter resulted in significantly more elongation of ZK than TNG67 seedlings, suggesting that the susceptibility of ZK to bakanae is associated with its higher sensitivity to GA 3 .
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium fujikuroi hyphae penetrated the epidermis of basal stems and roots of rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- basal stems and rootse1
- Interactor
- F. fujikuroi
Fusarium fujikuroie1pathogen - Outcome
- hyphae were found to directly penetrate the epidermise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bakanae disease in rice can cause abnormal elongation of the stem and leaves”
e1“In rice seedlings, F. fujikuroi hyphae were found to directly penetrate the epidermis of basal stems and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium fujikuroi was largely confined to the embryo, basal stem and basal roots of rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- embryo, basal stem, and basal rootse2
- Interactor
- F. fujikuroiFusarium fujikuroie2pathogen
- Outcome
- F. fujikuroi was largely confinede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bakanae disease in rice can cause abnormal elongation of the stem and leaves”
e2“F. fujikuroi was largely confined to the embryo, basal stem, and basal roots in seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
In adult rice plants, Fusarium fujikuroi was distributed unevenly in the lower aerial parts.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- lower aerial parts (including nodes and internodes)e3
- Outcome
- distributed unevenlye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bakanae disease in rice can cause abnormal elongation of the stem and leaves”
e3“distributed unevenly in the lower aerial parts (including nodes and internodes) of adult plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Elongation and development of adventitious roots did not necessarily correlate with the amount of Fusarium fujikuroi in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- F. fujikuroiFusarium fujikuroie4pathogen
- Outcome
- elongation and development of adventitious rootse4
- Direction
- did not necessarily correlatee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bakanae disease in rice can cause abnormal elongation of the stem and leaves”
e4“The elongation and development of adventitious roots did not necessarily correlate with the amount of F. fujikuroi in diseased plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid-3 at 0.5 mg/liter caused significantly more elongation of cultivar ZK than of TNG67 seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- ZKe5
- Treatment
- gibberellic acid-3 (GA 3 ) at 0.5 mg/litere5
- Outcome
- elongatione5
- Direction
- significantly moree5
- Comparator
- TNG67e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bakanae disease in rice can cause abnormal elongation of the stem and leaves”
e5“Treatment of rice seeds with gibberellic acid-3 (GA 3 ) at 0.5 mg/liter resulted in significantly more elongation of ZK than TNG67 seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Susceptibility of cultivar ZK to bakanae is associated with its higher sensitivity to GA3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Compound
- GA 3e6
- Outcome
- susceptibility of ZK to bakanaee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bakanae disease in rice can cause abnormal elongation of the stem and leaves”
e6“suggesting that the susceptibility of ZK to bakanae is associated with its higher sensitivity to GA 3”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 86 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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