Abstract
Abstract The difference in antagonistic activity against the causal agent of grey mould ( Botrytis cinerea ) of tomato between Aureobasidium strains belonging to three different species, namely A. pullulans , A. melanogenum and A. subglaciale , was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays. In the yeast–pathogen direct interaction experiment, all the strains significantly reduced B. cinerea growth, with A. melanogenum the least efficient species (17.8% of reduction) compared to A. pullulans and subglaciale (22 and 27.8%). The non‐volatile metabolites produced by all three species reduced mycelial growth between 95 and 100%. These metabolites were characterised by FT‐IR spectroscopy as polysaccharides, lytic enzymes, siderophores and antibiotics. The inhibitory effect of Aureobasidium strains on pathogenic enzymes such as xylanase, polygalacturonase and pectinase was measured showing A. pullulans strains as capable of strong inhibition of xylanase, an enzyme directly related to the virulence of necrotrophic pathogens such as B. cinerea. Our data demonstrate that the different species of Aureobasidium isolated from a range of non‐conventional environments exerted variable efficacy against B. cinerea , with A. pullulans as the most active species followed by A. subglaciale and A. melanogenum as ineffective and not suitable for biocontrol applications.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
A. melanogenum reduced B. cinerea growth by 17.8%, least among the species.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- A. melanogenume0
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Second interactor
- A. melanogenumAureobasidium melanogenume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- B. cinerea growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 17.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all the strains significantly reduced B. cinerea growth, with A. melanogenum the least efficient species (17.8% of reduction)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
A. pullulans reduced B. cinerea growth by 22%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- A. pullulanse1
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- A. pullulans
Aureobasidium pullulanse1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- B. cinerea growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 22e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all the strains significantly reduced B. cinerea growth”
e1“compared to A. pullulans and subglaciale (22 and 27.8%)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
A. subglaciale reduced B. cinerea growth by 27.8%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Treatment
- subglacialee1
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- subglacialee1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- B. cinerea growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 27.8%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all the strains significantly reduced B. cinerea growth”
e1“compared to A. pullulans and subglaciale (22 and 27.8%)”
t0“A. subglaciale”
t1“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonvolatile metabolites of all three species reduced mycelial growth by 95–100%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- non‐volatile metabolites produced by all three speciese0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 95 and 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The non‐volatile metabolites produced by all three species reduced mycelial growth between 95 and 100%.”
e1“causal agent of grey mould ( Botrytis cinerea ) of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
FT IR characterized the metabolites as polysaccharides, enzymes, siderophores and antibiotics.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- polysaccharides, lytic enzymes, siderophores and antibioticse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These metabolites were characterised by FT‐IR spectroscopy as polysaccharides, lytic enzymes, siderophores and antibiotics.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
A. pullulans strongly inhibited xylanase.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- A. pullulans strainse0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- A. pullulansAureobasidium pullulanse0biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- xylanasee0
- Outcome
- strong inhibition of xylanasee0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. pullulans strains as capable of strong inhibition of xylanase”
e1“pathogens such as B. cinerea”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
A. pullulans was judged most active, A. subglaciale next and A. melanogenum unsuitable for biocontrol.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- A. melanogenum as ineffective and not suitable for biocontrol applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. pullulans as the most active species followed by A. subglaciale and A. melanogenum as ineffective and not suitable for biocontrol applications.”
t0“tomato”
The same questions in other papers
metabolite · Botrytis cinerea · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.