Abstract
The study was carried out in 2016–2018 on maize field located in Lower Silesia region. Bromoxynil was applied independently and in factory mixture with terbutylazine and each of options was used in a tank mixture with nicosulfuron (Nikosulfuron 040 SC). Bromoxynil and the examined mixtures were applied in a basic dose and a dose reduced by 33% but with an oil adjuvant. Bromoxynil appliedin the mixture with terbutylazine and nicosulfuron in basic dose and lowered by 33% (+ adjuvant) controlled weeds to the higher degree than used individually and in the mixture with nicosulfuron only. The highest level of bromoxynil residues in soil samples taken during8 weeks after application was noted for the object where the bromoxynil was applied with nicosulfuron in the basic dose. In subsequent weeks, level of bromoxynil residues was similar to what was determined for its mixture with nicosulfuron applied in the reduceddose. Bromoxynil decomposed the fastest in soil treated with the mixture (bromoxynil + terbutylazine) + nicosulfuron in dose lowered by 33%. Badania wykonano na polach kukurydzy zlokalizowanych na Dolnym Śląsku w latach 2016–2018. Bromoksynil aplikowano samodzielnie i w mieszaninie fabrycznej z terbutylazyną, natomiast każdą z opcji zastosowano w mieszaninie zbiornikowej z nikosulfuronem(Nikosulfuron 040 SC). Bromoksynil i badane mieszaniny użyto w dawce podstawowej oraz obniżonej o 33%, lecz z adiuwantem olejowym. Bromoksynil zastosowany w mieszaninie z terbutylazyną i nikosulfuronem w dawce podstawowej oraz obniżonej o 33% (+ adiuwant) w większym stopniu niszczył chwasty niż aplikowany samodzielnie oraz w mieszaninie tylko z nikosulfuronem. Najwyższy poziom pozostałości bromoksynilu w próbkach glebowych pobieranych w 8 tygodni po zabiegu stwierdzono dla obiektu, na którym zastosowano go z nikosulfuronem w dawce zalecanej. W kolejnych tygodniach poziom pozostałości bromoksynilu na tym obiekcie był zbliżony do tego, jaki oznaczono dla jego mieszaniny z nikosulfuronem w dawce zredukowanej. Bromoksynil najszybciej uległ rozkładowi w glebie traktowanej mieszaniną (bromoksynil + terbutylazyna) + nikosulfuron w dawce zredukowanej o 33%.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Bromoxynil in the mixture with terbutylazine and nicosulfuron controlled weeds to a higher degree than bromoxynil used individually or with nicosulfuron only.
- Treatment
- the mixture with terbutylazine and nicosulfuron in basic dose and lowered by 33% (+ adjuvant)e2
- Outcome
- controlled weedse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- used individually and in the mixture with nicosulfuron onlye1
- Setting
- Lower Silesia regione0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize field located in Lower Silesia region”
e1“controlled weeds to the higher degree than used individually and in the mixture with nicosulfuron only”
e2“Bromoxynil appliedin the mixture with terbutylazine and nicosulfuron in basic dose and lowered by 33% (+ adjuvant)”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest bromoxynil residue level in soil was found where bromoxynil was applied with nicosulfuron at the basic dose, 8 weeks after application.
- Treatment
- bromoxynil was applied with nicosulfuron in the basic dosee4
- Outcome
- bromoxynil residues in soil samplese3
- Qualifier
- highest levele3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize field located in Lower Silesia region”
e3“The highest level of bromoxynil residues in soil samples”
e4“the object where the bromoxynil was applied with nicosulfuron in the basic dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Bromoxynil decomposed fastest in soil treated with the mixture of bromoxynil, terbutylazine and nicosulfuron at the dose lowered by 33%.
- Treatment
- the mixture (bromoxynil + terbutylazine) + nicosulfuron in dose lowered by 33%e5
- Outcome
- Bromoxynil decomposede5
- Qualifier
- the fasteste5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize field located in Lower Silesia region”
e5“Bromoxynil decomposed the fastest in soil treated with the mixture (bromoxynil + terbutylazine) + nicosulfuron in dose lowered by 33%”
Claim · model-written summary
In later weeks, bromoxynil residue levels in soil were similar to those of the nicosulfuron mixture at the reduced dose.
- Outcome
- level of bromoxynil residuese6
- Qualifier
- In subsequent weekse6
- Comparator
- its mixture with nicosulfuron applied in the reduceddosee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize field located in Lower Silesia region”
e6“In subsequent weeks, level of bromoxynil residues was similar to what was determined for its mixture with nicosulfuron applied in the reduceddose”
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