Abstract
Pendimethalin plus atrazine (1,120 2,240 g ai/ha) or metolachlor plus atrazine (2,170 1,790 g ai/ha) applied PRE over 2 yr controlled broadleaf signalgrass and itchgrass 78 to 88% 30 d after treatment (DAT). The imazethapyr plus imazapyr prepackaged mixture (PREMIX) applied PRE at 47 16 g ai/ha controlled these weeds no more than 35%. With pendimethalin, metolachlor plus atrazine, or atrazine PRE followed by (fb) imazethapyr plus imazapyr POST, broadleaf signalgrass was controlled 89 to 98% and itchgrass 76 to 83% 28 d after POST application. When only imazethapyr plus imazapyr was applied POST, broadleaf signalgrass control was 88% the first year, but only 64% the second year. Itchgrass was controlled 71% when imazethapyr plus imazapyr was applied alone POST, but control was nearly 86% when pendimethalin or nicosulfuron was applied POST with imazethapyr plus imazapyr. Consistently high corn yields were obtained when pendimethalin was applied POST with imazethapyr plus imazapyr, and these corn yields were greater than those following POST-only applications of imazethapyr plus imazapyr in 1 of 2 yr. When imazethapyr plus imazapyr was applied alone POST, corn yield was at least 1.3 times that when imazethapyr plus imazapyr was applied alone PRE. Weed control with imazethapyr plus imazapyr POST at 47 16 g/ha was not improved when ammonium sulfate was added with nonionionic surfactant or when methylated seed oil with or without ammonium sulfate or organosilicone adjuvants were used in the spray solution compared with using only nonionic surfactant in the spray solution. When imazethapyr plus imazapyr plus the various adjuvants was applied to weeds 5 to 8 cm tall, broadleaf signalgrass was controlled 93%, itchgrass 74 and 88%, and pitted morningglory 87 and 93% 28 DAT over 2 yr.Nomenclature: Atrazine; imazapyr; imazethapyr; metolachlor; nicosulfuron; pendimethalin; broadleaf signalgrass, Brachiaria platyphylla (Griesb.) Nash #3 BRAPP; itchgrass, Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W. D. Clayton # ROOEX; pitted morningglory, Ipomoea lacunosa L. # IPOLA; corn, Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer 3395 IR.’Additional index words: Adjuvants, application timing, herbicide combinations, imidazolinone-resistant corn, tank mixture.Abbreviations: DAT, days after treatment; EPOST, early postemergence; fb, followed by; IR, imidazolinone-resistant; LPOST, late postemergence; PREMIX, prepackaged mixture.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus atrazine applied PRE controlled broadleaf signalgrass and itchgrass 78 to 88%.
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin plus atrazinee1
- Interactor
- broadleaf signalgrass
Urochloa platyphyllae1weed - Second interactor
- itchgrasse1weed
- Outcome
- broadleaf signalgrass and itchgrasse1
- Direction
- controllede1
- Value
- 78 to 88%e1
- Qualifier
- 30 d after treatment (DAT)e1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)”
e1“Pendimethalin plus atrazine (1,120 2,240 g ai/ha) or metolachlor plus atrazine (2,170 1,790 g ai/ha) applied PRE over 2 yr controlled broadleaf signalgrass and itchgrass 78 to 88% 30 d after treatment (DAT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor plus atrazine applied PRE controlled broadleaf signalgrass and itchgrass 78 to 88%.
- Treatment
- metolachlor plus atrazinee1
- Interactor
- broadleaf signalgrassUrochloa platyphyllae1weed
- Second interactor
- itchgrasse1weed
- Outcome
- broadleaf signalgrass and itchgrasse1
- Direction
- controllede1
- Value
- 78 to 88%e1
- Qualifier
- 30 d after treatment (DAT)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)”
e1“Pendimethalin plus atrazine (1,120 2,240 g ai/ha) or metolachlor plus atrazine (2,170 1,790 g ai/ha) applied PRE over 2 yr controlled broadleaf signalgrass and itchgrass 78 to 88% 30 d after treatment (DAT)”
Claim · model-written summary
The imazethapyr plus imazapyr prepackaged mixture applied PRE controlled these weeds no more than 35%.
- Treatment
- imazethapyr plus imazapyr prepackaged mixture (PREMIX)e2
- Interactor
- broadleaf signalgrassUrochloa platyphyllae1weed
- Second interactor
- itchgrasse1weed
- Outcome
- these weedse2
- Direction
- controllede2
- Value
- no more than 35%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)”
e1“Pendimethalin plus atrazine (1,120 2,240 g ai/ha) or metolachlor plus atrazine (2,170 1,790 g ai/ha) applied PRE over 2 yr controlled broadleaf signalgrass and itchgrass 78 to 88% 30 d after treatment (DAT)”
e2“The imazethapyr plus imazapyr prepackaged mixture (PREMIX) applied PRE at 47 16 g ai/ha controlled these weeds no more than 35%”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadleaf signalgrass was controlled 89 to 98% after PRE followed by imazethapyr plus imazapyr POST.
- Treatment
- atrazine PRE followed by (fb) imazethapyr plus imazapyr POSTe3
- Interactor
- broadleaf signalgrassUrochloa platyphyllae3weed
- Outcome
- broadleaf signalgrasse3
- Direction
- controllede3
- Value
- 89 to 98%e3
- Qualifier
- 28 d after POST applicatione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)”
e3“With pendimethalin, metolachlor plus atrazine, or atrazine PRE followed by (fb) imazethapyr plus imazapyr POST, broadleaf signalgrass was controlled 89 to 98% and itchgrass 76 to 83% 28 d after POST application”
Claim · model-written summary
Itchgrass was controlled 76 to 83% after PRE followed by imazethapyr plus imazapyr POST.
- Treatment
- atrazine PRE followed by (fb) imazethapyr plus imazapyr POSTe3
- Interactor
- itchgrasse3weed
- Outcome
- itchgrasse3
- Direction
- controllede3
- Value
- 76 to 83%e3
- Qualifier
- 28 d after POST applicatione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)”
e3“With pendimethalin, metolachlor plus atrazine, or atrazine PRE followed by (fb) imazethapyr plus imazapyr POST, broadleaf signalgrass was controlled 89 to 98% and itchgrass 76 to 83% 28 d after POST application”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr plus imazapyr applied POST alone gave 88% broadleaf signalgrass control in the first year.
- Treatment
- only imazethapyr plus imazapyr was applied POSTe4
- Interactor
- broadleaf signalgrassUrochloa platyphyllae4weed
- Outcome
- broadleaf signalgrass controle4
- Value
- 88%e4
- Qualifier
- the first yeare4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)”
e4“When only imazethapyr plus imazapyr was applied POST, broadleaf signalgrass control was 88% the first year, but only 64% the second year”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr plus imazapyr applied POST alone gave 64% broadleaf signalgrass control in the second year.
- Treatment
- only imazethapyr plus imazapyr was applied POSTe4
- Interactor
- broadleaf signalgrassUrochloa platyphyllae4weed
- Outcome
- broadleaf signalgrass controle4
- Value
- 64%e4
- Qualifier
- the second yeare4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)”
e4“When only imazethapyr plus imazapyr was applied POST, broadleaf signalgrass control was 88% the first year, but only 64% the second year”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr plus imazapyr applied POST alone controlled itchgrass 71%.
- Treatment
- imazethapyr plus imazapyr was applied alone POSTe5
- Interactor
- Itchgrasse5weed
- Outcome
- Itchgrasse5
- Direction
- controllede5
- Value
- 71%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)”
e5“Itchgrass was controlled 71% when imazethapyr plus imazapyr was applied alone POST, but control was nearly 86% when pendimethalin or nicosulfuron was applied POST with imazethapyr plus imazapyr”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin applied POST with imazethapyr plus imazapyr gave nearly 86% itchgrass control.
- Treatment
- pendimethaline5
- Interactor
- Itchgrasse5weed
- Outcome
- controle5
- Value
- nearly 86%e5
- Comparator
- imazethapyr plus imazapyr was applied alone POSTe5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)”
e5“Itchgrass was controlled 71% when imazethapyr plus imazapyr was applied alone POST, but control was nearly 86% when pendimethalin or nicosulfuron was applied POST with imazethapyr plus imazapyr”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicosulfuron applied POST with imazethapyr plus imazapyr gave nearly 86% itchgrass control.
- Treatment
- nicosulfuron was applied POST with imazethapyr plus imazapyre5
- Interactor
- Itchgrasse5weed
- Outcome
- controle5
- Value
- nearly 86%e5
- Comparator
- imazethapyr plus imazapyr was applied alone POSTe5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)”
e5“Itchgrass was controlled 71% when imazethapyr plus imazapyr was applied alone POST, but control was nearly 86% when pendimethalin or nicosulfuron was applied POST with imazethapyr plus imazapyr”
Claim · model-written summary
Consistently high corn yields were obtained with pendimethalin applied POST with imazethapyr plus imazapyr.
- Treatment
- pendimethalin was applied POST with imazethapyr plus imazapyre6
- Outcome
- corn yieldse6
- Direction
- highe6
- Qualifier
- Consistentlye6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)”
e6“Consistently high corn yields were obtained when pendimethalin was applied POST with imazethapyr plus imazapyr, and these corn yields were greater than those following POST-only applications of imazethapyr plus imazapyr in 1 of 2 yr”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yields with pendimethalin POST were greater than with POST-only imazethapyr plus imazapyr in 1 of 2 years.
- Treatment
- pendimethalin was applied POST with imazethapyr plus imazapyre6
- Outcome
- corn yieldse6
- Direction
- greatere6
- Qualifier
- in 1 of 2 yre6
- Comparator
- POST-only applications of imazethapyr plus imazapyre6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)”
e6“Consistently high corn yields were obtained when pendimethalin was applied POST with imazethapyr plus imazapyr, and these corn yields were greater than those following POST-only applications of imazethapyr plus imazapyr in 1 of 2 yr”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield with imazethapyr plus imazapyr applied POST alone was at least 1.3 times that with the PRE application.
- Treatment
- imazethapyr plus imazapyr was applied alone POSTe7
- Outcome
- corn yielde7
- Direction
- higherinferrede7
- Value
- at least 1.3 timese7
- Comparator
- imazethapyr plus imazapyr was applied alone PREe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)”
e7“When imazethapyr plus imazapyr was applied alone POST, corn yield was at least 1.3 times that when imazethapyr plus imazapyr was applied alone PRE”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding ammonium sulfate to nonionic surfactant did not improve POST weed control by imazethapyr plus imazapyr.
- Treatment
- ammonium sulfate was added with nonionionic surfactante7
- Outcome
- Weed controle7
- Direction
- not improvede7
- Comparator
- using only nonionic surfactant in the spray solutione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)”
e7“Weed control with imazethapyr plus imazapyr POST at 47 16 g/ha was not improved when ammonium sulfate was added with nonionionic surfactant or when methylated seed oil with or without ammonium sulfate or organosilicone adjuvants were used in the spray solution compared with using only nonionic surfactant in the spray solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Methylated seed oil with or without ammonium sulfate or organosilicone adjuvants did not improve POST weed control by imazethapyr plus imazapyr.
- Treatment
- methylated seed oil with or without ammonium sulfate or organosilicone adjuvantse7
- Outcome
- Weed controle7
- Direction
- not improvede7
- Comparator
- using only nonionic surfactant in the spray solutione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)”
e7“Weed control with imazethapyr plus imazapyr POST at 47 16 g/ha was not improved when ammonium sulfate was added with nonionionic surfactant or when methylated seed oil with or without ammonium sulfate or organosilicone adjuvants were used in the spray solution compared with using only nonionic surfactant in the spray solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr plus imazapyr with adjuvants controlled broadleaf signalgrass 93% at 5 to 8 cm weed height.
- Treatment
- imazethapyr plus imazapyr plus the various adjuvantse7
- Interactor
- broadleaf signalgrassUrochloa platyphyllae7weed
- Outcome
- broadleaf signalgrasse7
- Direction
- controllede7
- Value
- 93%e7
- Qualifier
- weeds 5 to 8 cm talle7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)”
e7“When imazethapyr plus imazapyr plus the various adjuvants was applied to weeds 5 to 8 cm tall, broadleaf signalgrass was controlled 93%, itchgrass 74 and 88%, and pitted morningglory 87 and 93% 28 DAT over 2 yr”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr plus imazapyr with adjuvants controlled itchgrass 74 and 88% at 5 to 8 cm weed height.
- Treatment
- imazethapyr plus imazapyr plus the various adjuvantse7
- Interactor
- itchgrasse7weed
- Outcome
- itchgrasse7
- Direction
- controllede7
- Value
- 74 and 88%e7
- Qualifier
- weeds 5 to 8 cm talle7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)”
e7“When imazethapyr plus imazapyr plus the various adjuvants was applied to weeds 5 to 8 cm tall, broadleaf signalgrass was controlled 93%, itchgrass 74 and 88%, and pitted morningglory 87 and 93% 28 DAT over 2 yr”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr plus imazapyr with adjuvants controlled pitted morningglory 87 and 93% at 5 to 8 cm weed height.
- Treatment
- imazethapyr plus imazapyr plus the various adjuvantse7
- Interactor
- pitted morningglorye7weed
- Outcome
- pitted morningglorye7
- Direction
- controllede7
- Value
- 87 and 93%e7
- Qualifier
- weeds 5 to 8 cm talle7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)”
e7“When imazethapyr plus imazapyr plus the various adjuvants was applied to weeds 5 to 8 cm tall, broadleaf signalgrass was controlled 93%, itchgrass 74 and 88%, and pitted morningglory 87 and 93% 28 DAT over 2 yr”
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See all 9 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.