Paper · 2020 · Madras Agricultural Journal

Effect of conservation agriculture and residue management on yield and economics of cotton – maize cropping system

Veeraputhiran. R

8
claims
13
verbatim quotes
0
citations
1
research areas
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Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted at Cotton Research Station, Srivilliputtur,during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to study the effect of conservation agricultureand residue management practices on yield and economics of cotton(September to January) – maize (February to June) cropping system underirrigated conditions. The experiments were carried out in a RandomizedBlock Design with three replications. The treatments consisted of control(T1 - Conventional tillage + No residue management), Zero tillage (ZT) + Noresidue management (T2), ZT with 50 % residue management (T3), ZT with100 % residue management (T4), Permanent Bed System (PBS) + ZT + Noresidue management (T5), PBS + ZT + 50 % residue management (T6), PBS+ ZT + 100 % residue management (T7). The results revealed that thoughthe conventional tillage without residue incorporation recorded higher yieldsof cotton and maize in both the years of study, this was on par with thatof zero tillage with 100% and 50% residue management and significantlysuperior to other treatments. The conventional tillage without residueincorporation also registered the highest cotton equivalent yield (3584 and4046 kg.ha-1 during the first and second year of study, respectively) whichwere followed by ZT with 100 % residue management (3514 and 3924 kg/ha in the first and the second year) and ZT with 50 % residue management( 3481 and 3841 kg/ha in first and second year) and PBS + ZT + 100 %residue management (3413 and 3770 kg/ha in first and second year) inmaize - cotton cropping system. The labour requirement was minimized by 20laborers/crop/ha under ZT than conventional tillage. Adoption of ZT and PBSin the cotton – maize cropping system reduced the total cost of cultivationby Rs. 12,000/ha/year and Rs.15,500/ha/year, respectively. Though thehigher gross income was associated with conventional tillage without residueapplication, higher net income and BC ratio were registered by zero tillagewith residue application. Thus, it is concluded from the study that zero tillageunder cotton - maize cropping system was technically feasible, which wascomparable with conventional tillage without residue application on yieldbesides higher economic benefits and lesser labor use.

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Claims 8

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Conventional tillage without residue incorporation recorded higher yields of cotton and maize than the other treatments, on par with zero tillage with 100% and 50% residue management.

Taxon
cotton and maizeGossypium hirsutumZea mayse1
Treatment
conventional tillage without residue incorporatione1
Outcome
yieldse1
Direction
highere1
Comparator
zero tillage with 100% and 50% residue managemente2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“thoughthe conventional tillage without residueincorporation recorded higher yieldsof cotton and maize in both the years of study”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 774–903 · show in text ↑
e2

“this was on par with thatof zero tillage with 100% and 50% residue management”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 905–982 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Conventional tillage without residue incorporation gave the highest cotton equivalent yield, 3584 and 4046 kg/ha in the first and second year.

Treatment
conventional tillage without residue incorporatione3
Outcome
cotton equivalent yielde3
Direction
higheste3
Value
3584 and 4046 kg.ha-1e3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“The conventional tillage without residueincorporation also registered the highest cotton equivalent yield (3584 and 4046 kg.ha-1 during the first and second year of study, respectively)”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 1030–1214 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zero tillage (ZT) minimized the labour requirement by 20 laborers per crop per ha compared with conventional tillage in the cotton-maize system.

Treatment
ZTe4
Outcome
labour requiremente4
Direction
minimizede4
Value
20laborers/crop/hae4
Comparator
conventional tillagee4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“cotton – maize cropping system”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 84–114 · show in text ↑
e4

“The labour requirement was minimized by 20laborers/crop/ha under ZT than conventional tillage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1528–1621 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Adoption of ZT reduced the total cost of cultivation by Rs. 12,000/ha/year in the cotton-maize system.

Treatment
ZTe5
Outcome
total cost of cultivatione5
Direction
reducede5
Value
Rs. 12,000/ha/yeare5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e5

“Adoption of ZT and PBSin the cotton – maize cropping system reduced the total cost of cultivationby Rs. 12,000/ha/year and Rs.15,500/ha/year, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1623–1777 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Adoption of PBS reduced the total cost of cultivation by Rs. 15,500/ha/year in the cotton-maize system.

Treatment
PBSe5
Outcome
total cost of cultivatione5
Direction
reducede5
Value
Rs.15,500/ha/yeare5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e5

“Adoption of ZT and PBSin the cotton – maize cropping system reduced the total cost of cultivationby Rs. 12,000/ha/year and Rs.15,500/ha/year, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1623–1777 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Conventional tillage without residue application gave a higher gross income.

Treatment
conventional tillage without residue applicatione6
Outcome
gross incomee6
Direction
highere6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“cotton – maize cropping system”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 84–114 · show in text ↑
e6

“Though thehigher gross income was associated with conventional tillage without residueapplication”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1779–1876 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zero tillage with residue application gave higher net income and BC ratio.

Treatment
zero tillage with residue applicatione7
Outcome
net income and BC ratioe7
Direction
highere7

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“cotton – maize cropping system”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 84–114 · show in text ↑
e7

“higher net income and BC ratio were registered by zero tillagewith residue application”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1878–1964 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Zero tillage was technically feasible and comparable with conventional tillage without residue application on yield, with higher economic benefits and lesser labour use; the authors conclude it can be adopted.

Treatment
zero tillagee6
Outcome
technically feasiblee6
Comparator
conventional tillage without residue applicatione6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“cotton – maize cropping system”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 84–114 · show in text ↑
e6

“zero tillageunder cotton - maize cropping system was technically feasible, which wascomparable with conventional tillage without residueapplication on yieldbesides higher economic benefits and lesser labor use”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 2008–2218 · show in text ↑

organic · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ

31 papers: 26 positive, 5 negative or no effect

25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
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  3. no effect

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tillage · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results

159 papers: 113 positive, 46 negative or no effect

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  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. no effect

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organic · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

373 papers: 330 positive, 43 negative or no effect

329 papers in the same direction as this paper · 32 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. no effect

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tillage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

1,099 papers: 812 positive, 287 negative or no effect

811 papers in the same direction as this paper · 230 in the opposite direction · 57 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. no effect

1,095 papers more in this group

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.