Abstract
White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one the most devastating disease on soybean worldwide. Considering the potential of phosphites to protect plants against different diseases, this study investigated the possibility of using potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and zinc (Zn) phosphites for white mold control in soybean. The contact effect of the phosphites on fungal mycelial growth was evaluated in vitro. In the greenhouse study, plants were inoculated with S. sclerotiorum at 48 h after being sprayed with water (control), K, Ca, and Zn phosphites by using an agar plug (0.8 cm2) containing fungal mycelia. Lesion area of white mold and chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence parameters were evaluated on the leaflets of plants at 96 h after inoculation. The Chl a parameters were also evaluated in noninoculated leaflets at the same time. Fungal mycelial growth was abundant in the absence of phosphites, but inhibited in the presence of the three phosphites indicating their direct effect. The lesion area in the leaflets of plants sprayed with K, Ca, and Zn phosphites were 90, 98, and 68% lower, respectively, compared to plants sprayed with water. The functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus was more preserved on the leaflets of plants sprayed with phosphites due to the lower lesions size, especially for the Ca phosphite. In conclusion, the K, Ca, and Zn phosphites were effective in reducing white mold symptoms mainly through a contact effect on the fungal mycelial growth.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium, calcium and zinc phosphites inhibited Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelial growth in vitro compared with no phosphites.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- the three phosphitese2
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Sclerotinia sclerotiorume1pathogen - Outcome
- fungal mycelial growthe2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Comparator
- in the absence of phosphitese2
- Setting
- in vitroe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potassium, calcium, and zinc phosphites on white mold control in soybean”
e1“White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one the most devastating disease on soybean worldwide”
e2“Fungal mycelial growth was abundant in the absence of phosphites, but inhibited in the presence of the three phosphites indicating their direct effect”
e3“The contact effect of the phosphites on fungal mycelial growth was evaluated in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium phosphite sprayed on soybean reduced white mold lesion area by 90% relative to water-sprayed plants in the greenhouse.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- sprayed with Ke5
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume1pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion areae5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Value
- 90e5
- Comparator
- plants sprayed with watere5
- Setting
- In the greenhouse studye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potassium, calcium, and zinc phosphites on white mold control in soybean”
e1“White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one the most devastating disease on soybean worldwide”
e4“In the greenhouse study”
e5“The lesion area in the leaflets of plants sprayed with K, Ca, and Zn phosphites were 90, 98, and 68% lower, respectively, compared to plants sprayed with water”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium phosphite sprayed on soybean reduced white mold lesion area by 98% relative to water-sprayed plants in the greenhouse.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ca phosphitee6
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume1pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion areae5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Value
- 98e5
- Comparator
- plants sprayed with watere5
- Setting
- In the greenhouse studye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potassium, calcium, and zinc phosphites on white mold control in soybean”
e1“White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one the most devastating disease on soybean worldwide”
e4“In the greenhouse study”
e5“The lesion area in the leaflets of plants sprayed with K, Ca, and Zn phosphites were 90, 98, and 68% lower, respectively, compared to plants sprayed with water”
e6“The functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus was more preserved on the leaflets of plants sprayed with phosphites due to the lower lesions size, especially for the Ca phosphite”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc phosphite sprayed on soybean reduced white mold lesion area by 68% relative to water-sprayed plants in the greenhouse.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- K, Ca, and Zn phosphitese5
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume1pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion areae5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Value
- 68%e5
- Comparator
- plants sprayed with watere5
- Setting
- In the greenhouse studye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potassium, calcium, and zinc phosphites on white mold control in soybean”
e1“White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one the most devastating disease on soybean worldwide”
e4“In the greenhouse study”
e5“The lesion area in the leaflets of plants sprayed with K, Ca, and Zn phosphites were 90, 98, and 68% lower, respectively, compared to plants sprayed with water”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphite-sprayed soybean leaflets kept the photosynthetic apparatus more functional, especially with Ca phosphite, owing to smaller lesions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- sprayed with phosphitese6
- Outcome
- functionality of the photosynthetic apparatuse6
- Direction
- more preservede6
- Qualifier
- due to the lower lesions sizee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potassium, calcium, and zinc phosphites on white mold control in soybean”
e6“The functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus was more preserved on the leaflets of plants sprayed with phosphites due to the lower lesions size, especially for the Ca phosphite”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that K, Ca and Zn phosphites reduce white mold mainly through a contact effect on fungal mycelial growth.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- K, Ca, and Zn phosphitese7
- Outcome
- reducing white mold symptomse7
- Qualifier
- mainly through a contact effect on the fungal mycelial growthe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Potassium, calcium, and zinc phosphites on white mold control in soybean”
e7“In conclusion, the K, Ca, and Zn phosphites were effective in reducing white mold symptoms mainly through a contact effect on the fungal mycelial growth”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · Sclerotinia sclerotiorum · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
application · physiology: photosynthesis · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
32 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →application · Sclerotinia sclerotiorum · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.